陈贻钊

摘要：研究不同品种菌糠堆肥的理化性状，了解菌糠资源品种理化差异，有利于充分发挥不同菌糠资源的优势，提高菌糠利用价值。本研究以海鲜菇菌糠、平菇菌糠以及秀珍菇菌糠进行堆肥，每10天翻堆一次，考察菌糠堆肥的温度、pH、电导率、有机质以及总腐植酸等指标。经过60天堆肥，3种菌糠堆肥温度均能升高到55℃以上，高温持续时间分别为27、17、11天；除秀珍菇菌糠EC值变化不大外，各菌糠pH、EC值总体上均随着堆肥进程逐渐增加；有机质含量逐渐降低，下降率分别为6.1%、12.2%以及15.0%；总腐植酸增加量分别达70.0%、95.5%、24.8%；各菌糠堆肥在第40天时总腐植酸最高，其中海鲜菇菌糠含量为356 g/kg。不同品种菌糠堆肥特征存在一定差异，利用菌糠资源应根据菌糠特征优势应用于不同领域，变肥为宝。

关键词：菌糠；品种；堆肥；理化特征

中图分类号：S141.4文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0165

Comparative Study of Physicochemical Characteristics of Different Species of Spent Mushroom Substrate in Compost

Chen Yizhao

（Fuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou 350018， Fujian， China）

Abstract： To study the physical and chemical characters of self- composting mature compost of different species of mushroom bran and to understand their physicochemical differences is helpful to make a full use of different kinds of mushroom bran resources， turn waste into treasure， and improve the utilization value of mushroom bran. The temperature， pH， conductivity， organic matter and total humic acid of seafood mushroom bran， pleurotus ostreatus mushroom bran and pleurotus geesteranus mushroom bran were investigated every 10 d. When they were composted for 60 d， the composting mature temperature of the three kinds of bran could be increased above 55℃， and the duration of high temperature was 27， 17 and 11 d， respectively. With the exception of pleurotus geesteranus mushroom bran， the EC value of each fungus bran increased gradually with the composting process and met the requirements of composting； the organic matter content decreased gradually by 6.1%， 12.2% and 15.0%， respectively； the total humic acid increased by 70.04%， 95.5% and 24.8%， respectively； the total humic acid of each fungus bran compost was the highest at 40 d， and that of seafood mushroom bran was 356 g/kg. The characteristics of different species of mushroom bran have certain differences， so the utilization of mushroom bran resources should be applied according to its characteristics.

Keywords： Spent Mushroom Substrate； Species； Compost； Physicochemical Characteristics

0引言

菌糠是食用菌栽培后剩下的廢弃料，有机质含量高，不仅含有丰富的矿质元素，且含有食用菌菌体蛋白、次生代谢产物等养分。菌糠资源化利用有多种途径，如菌糠可作为有机肥[1]，改良土壤理化性状[2]，提高作物品质[3]；可与其他物料按一定比例混合作为育苗基质或栽培基质，替代泥炭土，改善育苗效果[4-6]；作为微生物有机肥的载体[7-8]，提高菌肥活性；菌糠还可用于治理石油污染的土壤，修复耕地[9-11]。菌糠资源化再利用对农业废弃物消纳、发展循环农业等具有重要意义。但不同品种菌糠理化特征存在差异[12-13]，利用菌糠时根据菌糠品种特征作出选择非常有必要，可提高菌糠资源利用的适用性，例如香菇菌糠的多种酶活力优于凤尾菇菌糠、姬菇菌糠等，更适宜作为菌糠饲料[14]；……