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浙江省发展红高粱产业的现状与对策

2021-02-03邹桂花郑学强吕学高刘合芹刘秀慧陈合云

农学学报 2021年10期
关键词:现状生产对策

邹桂花 郑学强 吕学高 刘合芹 刘秀慧 陈合云

摘要:为促进红高粱产业在浙江省乡村振兴中发挥重要作用,笔者总结了浙江省红高粱在农业生产与加工利用方面的现状,剖析了红高粱种植规模小,加工产品单一,附加值低,产业拓展受限,政策扶持力度小以及市场供求矛盾突出等制约红高粱生产和加工相关产业发展的关键问题,提出科研院所应加强专用红高粱的引种和培育、多种方式发展红高粱订单种植、因地制宜建立红高粱良种良方示范基地、研究红高粱产品精深加工技术,提升红高粱的综合利用價值等对策。

关键词:红高粱产业;生产;加工;现状;对策

中图分类号:S514文献标志码:B论文编号:cjas2020-0140

Status and Countermeasures of Sorghum Industry in Zhejiang Province Zou Guihua1, Zheng Xueqiang1, Lv Xuegao2, Liu Heqin1, Liu Xiuhui1, Chen Heyun1

(1Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China;2Institute of Maize and Featured Dryland Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongyang 322100, Zhejiang, China)

Abstract: Sorghum plays an important role in the rural revitalization in Zhejiang, to promote the comprehensive development of sorghum industry, the status of production and deep processing of the sorghum industry was summarized. The reasons that restricted the large-scale production, less processed product and limited industry expansion were analyzed. The problems of the lack of governments’policy guiding and support and the conflict between the market supply and demand were point out. Countermeasures were put forward about strengthening the introduction and cultivation in scientific research institutions, developing the contract sorghum planting, constructing the demonstration bases of elite sorghum varieties and planting, studying the deep processing technology of sorghum products to promote the comprehensively utilized value.

Keywords: Sorghum Industry; Production; Processing; Status; Countermeasures

0引言

红高粱是中国最早栽培的禾谷类作物之一,有5000多年的历史[1]。因其具有很强的在干旱环境和高盐碱贫瘠土壤中生长的能力,以及很高的光合效能和经济生物学产量、不同植株部位均可用于加工成农产品等众多优良特性,而被农民广泛种植。红高粱在解决中国粮食问题的历史进程中曾发挥过巨大作用[2]。自20世纪80年代以来,随着水稻、小麦、玉米等粮食作物育种理论的突破和育种水平的提高,农业生产条件的改善,以及人民生活条件的提升,红高粱的利用价值发生了根本性的转变,由曾经的口粮变成了工业原料用于酿酒、饲用、制醋等,继续在中国国民经济发展和农业生产中发挥重要作用[3]。

红高粱在浙江省的传统旱作农业中归属于小宗杂粮作物,散种于房前屋后和田块地头,种植面积小,难以形成规模化。……

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