马学艳 孙光兴 王林 徐东坡 金武 吕国华

摘要：為评估橄榄蛏蚌的营养价值，以淮河橄榄蛏蚌为材料，采用常规营养成分分析及生化方法测定了软体部营养成分及矿物质元素含量的季节变化。结果显示：在3月、6月、9月、12月含肉率在58.03%～ 62.61%，6月含肉率显著低于12月（P<0.05），与3月、9月无显著性差异（P>0.05），12月与3月、9月含肉率无显著性差异（P>0.05）；水分、粗脂肪无显著季节性差异（P>0.05），粗蛋白在6月、9月、12月无显著性差异（P>0.05），均显著低于3月（P<0.05），灰分在6月、9月、12月无显著性差异（P>0.05），均显著高于3月（P< 0.05）；淮河橄榄蛏蚌软体部（干物质）含必需氨基酸7种，非必需氨基酸10种，总氨基酸含量在52.12%～ 54.31%之间，必需氨基酸含量在20.57%～21.94%，呈味氨基酸含量在19.09%～19.43%，总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量在4个季节无显著性差异（P>0.05）；所检测元素中，Hg因含量低而未检出，检测结果显示Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cd这6种元素在4个季节无显著性差异。本研究结果表明淮河橄榄蛏蚌具有较高的营养价值和较好的食用价值。

关键词：橄榄蛏蚌；营养成分；矿物质元素；季节性变化

中图分类号：S966.9文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20191200305

Nutrients and Mineral Elements in Solenaia oleivora from Huaihe River： Seasonal Variations

Ma Xueyan1，2，3， Sun Guangxing1， Wang Lin4， Xu Dongpo1，2，3， Jin Wu2，3， Lv Guohua1， Xu Pao1，2，3， Ding Tuqiang4， Wen Haibo1，2，3， Gu Ruobo1，2，3

（1Wuxi Fisheries College， Nanjing Agricultural University， Wuxi 214081， Jiangsu， China；

2Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Freshwater Fisheries Research Center， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Wuxi 214081， Jiangsu， China；

3Sino-US Cooperative Laboratory for Germplasm Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Mollusks， Freshwater Fisheries Research Center， Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences， Wuxi 214081， Jiangsu， China； 4Fishery Administration Bureau of Fuyang City， Fuyang 236000， Anhui， China）

Abstract： To evaluate nutritive value of Solenaia oleivora， S.oleivora collected from Huaihe River was used as material， the seasonal variations of nutrients and mineral elements were detected and compared by conventional nutrient composition analysis and biochemical assay. The results showed that flesh contents of S.oleivora collected in March， June， September and December ranged from 58.03% to 62.61% . The flesh content in June was significantly lower than that in December （P < 0.05）， but there was no significant difference among June， March and September （P > 0.05）， and there was no significant difference among March， September and December （P > 0.05）. There was no significant seasonal difference in terms of water content and crude fat（P > 0.05）. The crude protein in March was obviously higher than that in June， September and December （P < 0.05）， but there was no significant difference among three other seasons （P > 0.05）. The ash content in March was significantly lower than that in June， September and December （P < 0.05）， while there was no significant difference among three other seasons （P > 0.05）. The soft body （dry substances） of S.oleivora from Huaihe River contains 7 essential amino acids and 10 non-essential amino acids. The total amino acid （TAA） ranged from 52.12% to 54.31%， and the essential amino acid （EAA） ranged from 20.57% to 21.94%， and the delicious amino acid （DAA） content was 19.09%-19.43%. There was no significant difference found in TAA， EAA and DAA among the four seasons （P > 0.05）. In the six detected mineral elements， Hg was not detected in all samples due to its low level， and there was no significant seasonal difference of other elements including Mn， Fe， Zn， Cu， Cd and Pb. The results indicate that S.oleivora from Huaihe River has relatively high nutritive value and good edible value.

Keywords： Solenaia oleivora； Nutrient； Mineral Elements； Seasonal Variation

0引言

橄榄蛏蚌（Solenaia oleivira）俗称义河蚶、蚬子、长桥河蛏等，为中国特有种，栖息于具有一定流速的河流或湖泊中，营穴居生活[1]。主要滤食水体中藻类、细菌和有机碎屑等，对天然水体自净和物质能量循环具有十分重要的作用。壳薄而脆，蚌肉鲜嫩，味道鲜美，营养丰富，是湖北天门[2]、安徽阜阳、浙江德清[3]等地十分著名的高档河鲜，素有“淮河鲍鱼”之美誉。

湖北天门多在春节前后食用，安徽阜阳在清明节前后，市场供不应求，市场对橄榄蛏蚌需求具有季节性消费现象。……