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基于Malmquist-Luenberger指数的中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率研究

2021-02-03王雪娇李隆伟耿仲钟毛昭庆赵秀华

农学学报 2021年10期
关键词:效率绿色生产

王雪娇 李隆伟 耿仲钟 毛昭庆 赵秀华

摘要:確保国内居民随时随地能够获取到绿色安全营养的蔬菜是中国农业高质量发展的一个重要衡量指标。在资源环境日益成为经济增长硬约束背景下,相较于传统全要素生产率指标,采用绿色全要素生产率来测度评价一个经济体的增长质量更为科学。因此,基于2011—2018年中国27个省份不同品种蔬菜的成本收益数据,本文将化肥等污染物排放量作为非期望产出,运用Malmquist-Luenberger指数对中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率进行测算。结果发现:2012—2018年,中国蔬菜绿色全要素生产率年均增长率为1.56%,其中技术效率指数、技术进步指数年均增长率分别为-0.42%和1.99%;菜椒绿色全要素生产率指数增长速度最快(2.93%),豆角最慢(0.49%);宁夏菜椒和西红柿的绿色全要素生产率增速最快,福建萝卜和茄子的绿色全要素生产率增速最快,河南大白菜、江西豆角、山东黄瓜、辽宁马铃薯以及贵州圆白菜绿色全要素生产率增速最快。

关键词:蔬菜;绿色全要素生产率;Malmquist-Luenberger指数;技术进步;技术效率

中图分类号:F326.13文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas2021-0039

Research on Green Total Factor Productivity of Chinese Vegetables Based on Malmquist-Luenberger Index

Wang Xuejiao1, Li Longwei1, Geng Zhongzhong2, Mao Zhaoqing1, Zhao Xiuhua3

(1Agricultural Economy and Information Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,

Kunming 650205, Yunnan, China;2China Cigarette Sales and Marketing Corporation, Beijing 100055, China; 3Yuanyang County Bureau of Agriculture, Rural Areas and Science and Technology, Honghe 532528, Yunnan, China)

Abstract: Ensuring that domestic residents can get green, safe and nutritious vegetables anytime and anywhere is an important indicator of the high-quality development of agriculture in China. As the resource environment has increasingly become a hard constraint on economic growth, it is more scientific to use the green total factor productivity to evaluate the economic growth quality than the traditional total factor productivity index. Therefore, based on the cost-benefit data of different varieties of vegetables in China’s 27 provinces from 2011 to 2018, the paper took the emissions of pollutants such as fertilizers as undesired output, and used the Malmquist-Luenberger Index to measure the green total factor productivity of vegetables. It is found that the average annual growth rate of green total factor productivity of vegetables was 1.56% from 2012 to 2018, of which the technology efficiency index was -0.42% and the technology progress index was 1.99%. Among them,the green total factor productivity index of pepper grew the fastest (2.93%), and that of beans grew the slowest(0.49%); the green total factor productivity index of Ningxia pepper and tomato grew the fastest, and that of Fujian radish and eggplant grew fastest. Henan Chinese cabbage, Jiangxi beans, Shandong cucumber, Liaoning potato and Guizhou cabbage had the fastest green total factor productivity growth.

Keywords: Vegetables; Green Total Factor Productivity; Malmquist-Luenberger Index; Technology Progress; Technology Efficiency

0引言

21世纪以来,环境问题成为阻碍世界各国社会可持续发展的重大难题之一。习近平总书记指出,推进绿色发展是农业发展观的一场深刻革命,也是农业供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向。2021年中国中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于全面推进乡村振兴加快农业农村现代化的意见》也提出要“推进农业绿色发展”。2017年,中国农业农村部印发了《开展果菜茶有机肥替代化肥行动方案》指出,中国蔬菜每公顷化肥用量比日本高192 kg、比美国高445.5 kg、比欧盟高471 kg,且中国耕地退化面积占总面积的40%以上,耕地污染问题突出。……

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