孙雪莲 杨楚童 胡亚楠 邹显花

摘要：扦插作为一种无性繁殖的重要技术被广泛应用于生产实践中，然而目前一些优良植物的扦插生根率低，制约着其扦插繁殖技术的长足发展，而探明植物的扦插生根调控机理是提高植物扦插生根率的关键。本文从插穗不定根发生的形态解剖学、生理学及分子学研究三方面对植物扦插生根机理的研究进行综述。结合国内外研究现状，从解剖学角度对不定根形成的进程和机理进行说明，分析了插穗内含物质与生根之间的关系，阐明了不定根形成和发育的关键分子调控机理。目前植物的扦插生根机理研究已从解剖学、生理学深入到分子学水平，基于分子生物学的发展趋势，提出利用基因工程手段提升植物扦插繁殖技术，以实现植物扦插繁殖的技术创新，提高繁殖数量和质量，适应发展需要。

关键词：扦插繁殖；生根机理；形态解剖学；内含物质；分子机理

中图分类号：S722文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0016

Rooting Mechanism of Plant Cuttings： A Review Sun Xuelian， Yang Chutong， Hu Ya’nan， Zou Xianhua

（Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University， Fuzhou 350002， Fujian， China）

Abstract： Cutting is widely used in production practice as an important technique of asexual reproduction. However， the low cutting rooting rate of some quality plants still restricts the rapid development of cutting propagation technology， and the key to improve the cutting rooting rate of plants is to find out the regulation mechanism. This article summarized the research on the mechanism of cutting rooting of plant from three aspects of morphology and anatomy， physiology and molecular biology during the adventitious root formation. Combined with the current research status at home and abroad， the process and mechanism of adventitious root formation were explained from the morphology and anatomy， the relationship between adventitious root formation and rooting was analyzed. The key molecular regulation mechanism of adventitious root formation and development was clarified. At present， the research on the rooting mechanism of plant cutting has gone deep into the molecular level from anatomy and physiology. Based on the development trend of molecular biology， it is proposed to use genetic engineering to improve the cutting propagation technology of plants， so as to achieve technological innovation， improve the quantity and quality of reproduction and adapt to the needs of production development.

Keywords： Cutting Propagation； Rooting Mechanism； Morphology and Anatomy； Embedded Substance； Molecular Mechanism

0引言

相較于埋条、组织培养、嫁接等技术，扦插繁殖拥有成本低、不受植物种类限制、操作简单易行、易于产业化及繁殖速度快等优点[1]。随着植物幼化理论与技术在扦插繁殖中的突破，无性扦插繁殖逐渐开始受到世界各地农林业工作者的重视[2]。但有些优良植物由于从根原基发端分化到成活的过程长而复杂，导致其扦插生根率较低，生根率仍然是制约植物扦插繁殖技术的关键瓶颈[2-4]。

多年来人们对植物的扦插生根机理进行多方面多角度研究探讨，为创新扦插技术，提升植物的扦插生根率提供了丰富的理论指导[5]。……