赵世锋 曹丽霞 刘文婷 石碧红 刘君馨 赵雪峰

摘要：为了探明适应于冀北坝上地区种植荞麦品种的高产性和适应性，以4个苦荞麦和2个甜荞麦品种为试验材料，连续5年进行定点高产试验，研究6个荞麦品种的产量、主要经济性状和区域适应能力。结果表明：参加试验的6个荞麦品种抗逆性均极强，耐旱、耐瘠薄、喜水肥，产量较为稳定；‘美国甜荞麦’是最适宜冀北种植的甜荞品种，产量1078.5 kg/hm2左右，其次为‘日本大粒’970.5 kg/hm2，甜荞麦需辅助授粉提高产量；‘冀苦荞2号’是最适宜冀北种植的苦荞麦品种，产量在2745 kg/hm2左右，其次为‘冀苦荞1号’2442.0 kg/hm2和‘川荞1号’2395.5 kg/hm2；甜荞麦生育期短，是较好的备荒作物，在冀北地区不适宜过早播种；中熟苦荞麦品种在冀北有特殊适应性，‘黑丰1号’因生育期较长，肥力较好的地块易徒长、不结实，种植风险较大。本试验结果得出结论：改进栽培措施可以进一步提高甜荞麦产量，苦荞麦同甜荞麦一样在冀北有更好的适应性。

关键词：荞麦；产量；一点多年；平均值；变异系数

中图分类号：S323文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas20200300059

Multiyear High-yield Analysis of Buckwheat Varieties in Northern Hebei Zhao Shifeng， Cao Lixia， Liu Wenting， Shi Bihong， Liu Junxin， Zhao Xuefeng

（Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Zhangjiakou 075000， Hebei， China）

Abstract： To explore the fertility and adaptability of main application buckwheat varieties in Bashang area of northern Hebei， 4 tartary buckwheat varieties and 2 common buckwheat varieties were used as materials to study for 5 consecutive years. The results showed that all the 6 buckwheat varieties were considered to have good resistance （to drought and barren）， water and fertilizer tolerance， and relatively stable yield.‘American common buckwheat’was considered to be the most suitable variety of common buckwheat for planting in northern Hebei， with the yield of about 1078.5 kg/hm2， followed by‘Japanese big grain’about 970.5 kg/hm2， and common buckwheat required supplementary pollination for yield increase.‘Jikuqiao No. 2’was considered to be the most suitable variety of tartary buckwheat for planting in northern Hebei， with the yield of about 2745 kg/hm2， followed by‘Jikuqiao No. 1’about 2442.0 kg/hm2and‘Chuanqiao No. 1’about 2395.5 kg/ hm2. It can be concluded that the common buckwheat should be used as a reserve crop because of its short growth period， and it is not suitable for early sowing in northern Hebei. The medium ripe tartary buckwheat variety has special adaptability in northern Hebei， with the relatively long growth period，‘Heifeng No.1’has high planting risk in better fertility soil. In general， the improvement of cultivation measures could increase the yield of common buckwheat， and both tartary buckwheat and common buckwheat have better adaptability in northern Hebei.

Keywords： Buckwheat； Grain Yield； Multiyear in the Same Site； Average； Coefficient of Variation

0引言

蕎麦起源于中国，为蓼科荞麦属一年生草本植物，栽培历史非常悠久，距今已有2000多年。荞麦属短日照作物，喜凉爽湿润气候，不耐高温，畏霜冻，对土壤要求不严，可以在不同的土壤条件下种植，适应性较强[1]。栽培荞麦有4个种，甜荞麦（F.esculentum Moench）、苦荞麦（F.tataricumGaertn）、翅荞麦（F. emarginatum Mtissner）和米荞麦（Fagopyrum spp），生产上应用最多的是甜荞麦和苦荞麦。甜荞麦生育期短、抗逆性强，是首选备荒作物，既可在无霜期短的地区直播，也可在无霜期长的地区复播，当年可多次播种多次收获[1]。……