摘要：分析国审‘陇育5号’小麦丰产性、抗逆性、广适机理及推广策略，以期为北部旱地小麦高效育种和品种推广提供借鉴。利用多年多点国家北部旱地、甘肃省陇东片区域试验及高产示范资料，对冬小麦新品种‘陇育5号’的性状进行比较分析。‘陇育5号’多点区域试验、生产试验产量平均为4922.54 kg/hm2，比对照品种平均增产13.28%，增产点（次）率89.97%。有效穗数597.0万/hm2，收获指数39.6%，旱地产量潜力达6399.0 kg/hm2。成穗多与收获指数较高是实现‘陇育5号’高产潜力的基础，抗寒抗旱抗病、耐生育后期高温、粒重变异小是其广适性和大面积推广的重要保障。‘陇育5号’丰产性强，抗寒抗旱、综合抗逆性好，品质优良，适应范围广。在推广应用中，应采取项目推广方式，订单式原种生产，合同式良种繁育，“科研单位+地方政府+种业企业+示范农户”四位一体的推广模式。

关键词：冬小麦；‘陇育5号’；丰产性；适应性；推广模式

中图分类号：S512.1文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2020-0035

Popularization and Application Strategies of National Approved Wheat‘Longyu No.5’with High-yield and Wide-adaptability

Shi Wanxi

（College of A&F， Longdong University， Qingyang 745000， Gansu， China）

Abstract： By analyzing the ability of high-yield， stress-resistance， wide adaptability of the national approved wheat‘Longyu No.5’and its promotion strategy， the study aims to provide references for high- efficiency breeding and variety promotion of dry land wheat in north China. The characters of new winter wheat variety‘Longyu No.5’were analyzed by using the regional experiment and high yield demonstration data of multiple points in north China’s dry land area， including Longdong of Gansu Province. The average yield of‘Longyu No.5’was 4922.54 kg/hm2， which was 13.28% higher than that of the control variety， and the yield increasing point（times） rate was 89.97%. The effective ear number was 5.97 million/hm2， the harvest index was 39.6%， and the yield potential in dry land was 6399.0 kg/hm2. In general， more ears and higher harvest index are the basis of realizing high yield potential； cold resistance， drought resistance and disease resistance， high temperature tolerance at later growth stage and small variation of grain weight are the important guarantee for wide adaptability and large-scale extension of‘Longyu No.5’. In the promotion and application of the variety， the model should include project-based promotion， order-based seed production， contract-based seed breeding， and efforts from research units， local governments， seed industry enterprises and demonstration farmers.

Keywords： Winter Wheat；‘Longyu No.5’； High Yield； Adaptability； Extension Model

0引言

小麥是甘肃省最主要的口粮作物，最大种植面积 151.95万hm2[1-2]。近年来，由于种植业结构优化调整，2018年种植面积压缩为77.55万hm2，总产量280.5万t，其中陇东地区播种面积25万hm2左右，总产量约80.0万t[3- 4]。陇东属中国北部冬麦区，常年降水量500～600 mm，年均气温8.5℃，≥10℃活动积温2600～ 3300℃，土层深厚、蓄水保墒性能好，地势较平坦，小麦机械化水平较高。但小麦全生育期降水不足300 mm，年降水时空分布不均，小麦不同种植区降水亏缺率约为25.5%～47.7%。冬、春季干旱多风，蒸发量大，晚霜冻害及条锈病和红黄矮病时有发生，造成小麦产量低而不稳[5-7]。……