康海岐 潘英华 孙小文 韩友学 高利军 曹艳 高菊 康家荣 李星月 张鸿

摘要：為了精准评价杂交稻的节水抗旱特性，研究量化控水处理条件下该特性的表现规律，并建立量化鉴评技术体系，设计了100%、80%、60%、40%田间持水量等4种梯度量化控水试验，从移栽返青至成熟对10个杂交稻组合进行控水处理。结果表明，土壤绝对含水量在4种处理间形成了明显的梯度差异，不同组合的单株籽粒产量在80%田间持水量、60%田间持水量上具有明显差异，产量抗旱指数和水分利用效率在梯度间也存在明显差异，这些单一指标难以直接用于以抗旱性为区别特征的品种比较，且无法兼顾水分利用效率。通过多梯度多性状抗旱指数的对数综合指标的构建和计算分析，形成了节水抗旱特性的全局统一量化评价技术指标，10个组合的评价结果与大田抗旱性经验观察结果比较吻合。本文建立的杂交稻节水抗旱特性量化鉴评技术方法及3种多梯度多性状抗旱指数的对数综合指标具有良好的评价效果，适用于杂交稻节水抗旱特性的精准评价。

关键词：水稻；节水抗旱性；水分利用效率；定量评价；综合评价指标

中图分类号：S511文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0025

Gradient Quantitative Evaluation of Water Saving and Drought Resistance Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Combinations

Kang Haiqi1， Pan Yinghua2， Sun Xiaowen3， Han Youxue4， Gao Lijun5， Cao Yan6， Gao Ju5， Kang Jiarong1， Li Xingyue7， Zhang Hong7

（1Crop Research Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， Sichuan， China； 2Rice Research Institute， Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China； 3China National Seed Group Co.， Ltd.， Beijing 100031， China；4Sichuan Seed Station， Chengdu 610041， Sichuan， China； 5Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory， Nanning 530007， Guangxi， China； 6Agricultural Information and Rural Economy Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， Sichuan， China；7Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， Sichuan， China）

Abstract：Toaccuratelyevaluatethewater-savinganddrought-resistanttraitofhybridrice，studythe expression pattern of this trait under the condition of quantitative water control treatment， and establish the quantitative evaluation technology system， four gradient quantitative water control trials were designed， including 100%，80%， 60% and 40% field capacity. Ten hybrid rice combinations were treated under the four gradients from returning green stage after transplanting to mature stage. The results showed that there were significant differences on absolute water content in soil among the four gradient treatments. Different combinations had significant differences on grain yield per plant with 80% field capacity and 60% field capacity. There were also significant differences on yield drought resistant index and water use efficiency among the gradients. These single indexes were difficult to be directly used for the variety comparison with drought resistance as the distinguishing feature， and without giving consideration to the water use efficiency. Through the construction and calculation analysis of logarithm comprehensive index of drought resistant index with multiple gradients and multiple traits， the overall unified quantitative evaluation index of water-saving and drought- resistant trait was formed. The evaluation results of 10 combinations by the new indexes were consistent with the field observation results on drought resistance. The gradient quantitative evaluation technology system of water-saving and drought-resistant trait of hybrid rice and the logarithm comprehensive index of three drought-resistant indexes with multiple gradients and multiple traits established by the study have the better evaluation effect， and are suitable for accurate evaluation of water- saving and droughtresistant trait of hybrid rice.

Keywords： Oryza sativa； Water Saving and Drought Resistance； Water Use Efficiency； Quantitative Evaluation； Complex Evaluation Index

0引言

水稻是中国乃至世界重要的粮食作物之一，也是耗水量最大的作物[1]。在传统稻作生产模式下，其水分利用效率（WUE）为0.6～1.04 kg稻谷/m3水，即生产1 kg稻谷约需0.96～1.67 m3水[2-4]。由于农业可耕地面积减少与人口膨胀，稻米需求量不断增加，同时区域性和季节性干旱频发以及农业水资源逐渐匮乏等问题，使稻作生产面临着严重挑战。……