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经尿道膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘治疗膀胱巨大结石疗效

2021-02-03张俊王飞

婚育与健康 2021年22期
关键词:膀胱结石钬激光

张俊 王飞

【摘 要】目的:探讨经尿道膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘治疗膀胱巨大结石方法和疗效。方法:在我院于2016年1月至2021年5月收入住院膀胱结石患者中,其中15例结石巨大,膀胱镜下观察结石大小及数目,如果结石较大,约30mm~45mm,使用10.5mm腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡行膀胱造瘘,取出內芯,将引流管塞入鞘卡内,远端放入收集桶,生理盐水持续灌注,钬激光经膀胱镜操作孔将膀胱结石分割呈块状,Ellik冲洗器冲出较小结石,较大结石使用胆囊抓钳通过腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡取出,术后留置膀胱造瘘管、导尿管。结果:15例手术时间30min~60min,平均40min,术后住院3天~7天,术后第一天拔出膀胱造瘘管,术后4天~6天拔出尿管后出院。术后随访1个月~3个月,患者无造瘘口感染,无尿外渗及漏尿,无尿痛、血尿等情况。结论:膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘治疗膀胱大结石是一种明显缩短手术时间、安全、有效的方式。

【关键词】膀胱结石;经尿道膀胱镜;膀胱造瘘;腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡;钬激光

Efficacy of transurethral cystoscopy combined with cystostomy in the treatment of giant bladder stones

Zhang Jun, Wang Fei

Department of Urology,Sihong peoples Hospital, Suqian Jiangsu 223900, China

【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the method and effect of transurethral cystoscopy combined with cystostomy in the treatment of giant bladder stones.Methods:Among the hospitalized patients with bladder stones in our hospital from January 2016 to May 2021, 15 cases had huge stones, and the size and number of stones were observed under cystoscopy.If the stones were large, about 30mm~45mm,a10.5mm laparoscopic puncture sheath card was used for cystostomy, the inner core was taken out, the drainage tube was inserted into the sheath card, the distal end was put into the collection bucket, and the normal saline was continuously perfused, Holmium laser divides the bladder stones into blocks through the cystoscopy operation hole. The ellik irrigator rushes out the smaller stones. The larger stones are taken out by the gallbladder grasping forceps through the laparoscopic puncture sheath card. After the operation, the cystostomy tube and urinary catheter are retained. Results: the operation time of 15 cases was 30min~60 min, with an average of 40 min. they were hospitalized for 3days~7days. The cystostomy tube was pulled out on the first day after operation, and the urinary tube was pulled out on 4days~6 days after operation. The patients were followed up for 1months~3 months. There were no fistula infection, urinary extravasation and leakage, urinary pain, hematuria and so on. Conclusion: Cystoscopy combined with cystostomy is a safe and effective way to shorten the operation time.

【Key?Words】Bladder stone; Transurethral cystoscopy; Cystostomy; Laparoscopic puncture sheath card; Holmium laser

2016年1月至2021年5月,采用經尿道膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘治疗膀胱大结石,手术时间短,术后恢复快,疗效满意。

1 资料与方法

1.1 临床资料

采用本手术方式的15例患者,年龄50岁~80岁,平均年龄(65.35±12.39)岁。膀胱结石均为阳性结石,直径30mm~45mm,平均直径(35.35±12.39)mm。

1.2 治疗方法

15例患者术前结合泌尿系彩超和腹部平片确诊膀胱结石,术前其余相关检查无明显异常后,麻醉凑效后,取患者截石位,常规消毒、铺巾单,F21膀胱镜直视下进入膀胱,见结石直径30mm~45mm,平均直径(35.35±12.39)mm,膀胱镜引导下使用10.5mm腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡行膀胱造瘘,取出內芯,将引流管塞入鞘卡内,远端放入收集桶,钬激光通过膀胱镜操作孔进入膀胱,生理盐水持续膀胱冲洗,将膀胱结石切割成块状,Ellik冲洗器冲出较小结石,较大结石使用胆囊抓钳通过腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡取出,检查膀胱无出血,通过腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡留置F16两腔导尿管作膀胱造瘘管,3~0可吸收线全层缝合穿刺孔,并固定尿管,F18三腔导尿管保留导尿(必要时行膀胱冲洗)。

2 结果

此15例患者通过采用经尿道膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘手术方式,手术时间30min~60min,平均40min。无膀胱黏膜出血,无泌尿系感染。术后均未使用膀胱冲洗,术后第一天拔出膀胱造瘘管,术后4天~6天拔出导尿管出院。术后随访1个月~3个月,患者无穿刺孔感染,无尿漏及尿外渗,无膀胱周围感染,尿道无损伤、狭窄等。

3 结论

膀胱结石是指在膀胱内形成的结石,其分为原发性和继发性两种。原发性膀胱结石多由营养不良所致,而继发性膀胱结石主要继发于下尿路梗阻、膀胱异物等。同时相关疾病(肥胖、高血压)、药物、代谢性疾病等。下尿路梗阻(前列腺增生症、膀胱颈挛缩、尿道狭窄、膀胱异物等)是目前膀胱结石形成的常见原因。典型症状主要有排尿中断、尿痛、血尿、尿频、尿急等,并发症伴有膀胱黏膜损伤,长期梗阻造成输尿管与肾盂扩张、积水,以致肾功能损伤,也可能因结石、炎症长期刺激诱发膀胱鳞状上皮癌。如结石体积较小且无症状,可暂时观察,定期复查,结石较大时需进一步物理、手术治疗。术前通过泌尿系彩超、腹部平片明确诊断,并可同时发现膀胱结石,前列腺增生等;膀胱镜检查能直接发现结石大小、数目、形状及是否合并前列腺增生、尿道狭窄等;血、尿检查能发现是否合并尿路感染、肾功能受损情况等。随着腔内技术普及,目前膀胱结石主要有经尿道内镜(膀胱镜)下大力钳碎石、气压弹道碎石、钬激光碎石等。对于2.0cm左右膀胱结石,单纯性经尿道内镜下钬激光碎石能快速击碎结石,并通过Ellik冲洗出结石,时间约20min。本组膀胱结石直径约3.0cm~4.5cm,联合10.5mm腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡行膀胱造瘘手术方式是利用钬激光将结石切割成块状,Ellik冲洗器冲出小于0.5cm小结石,0.5cm~1.0cm较大结石使用胆囊抓钳通过腹腔镜穿刺鞘卡取出,术后留置膀胱造瘘管、导尿管。此类方式能较耻骨上膀胱切开取石及单纯性经尿道内镜下钬激光碎石明显缩短手术时间,提高碎石取石效率,减少膀胱、尿道损伤等并发症。

15例患者術后通过一月随访观察,术口愈合良好,术后患者恢复较快。因此经尿道膀胱镜联合膀胱造瘘治疗膀胱大结石能较好提高碎石取石效率,缩短手术时间,其是一种有效、安全的方法,适合基层医院临床医师使用。

参考文献

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