卓杨鹏 廖小雪 廖禄生 张学超 廖双泉 张福全 张晨 赵艳芳

摘  要：采用碱煮法、酸解法和溶剂法从橡胶草根中提取蒲公英橡胶，并对提取后橡胶的组分和结构性能进行了初步分析。结果表明，溶剂法提取蒲公英橡胶的纯度较高;通过红外光谱和核磁共振波谱的分析可知，蒲公英橡胶的结构与三叶天然橡胶大致一样;蒲公英橡胶的交联密度则低于三叶天然橡胶;在分子量及其分布上，蒲公英橡胶的分子量小于三叶天然橡胶，且分子量分布较窄和较均匀;蒲公英橡胶的塑性初值和门尼黏度低于三叶天然橡胶，其后续生产加工存在一定难度。

关键词：蒲公英橡胶;提取;成分分析;结构分析

中图分类号：S576;TQ331.2      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Rubber was extracted from Taraxacum kok-saghyz （TKS） by alkali， acid and solvent methods. The composi-tion and structure properties of the extracted TKS rubber were analyzed. The purity of TKS rubber was the highest by the solvent method. According to the analysis of IR and NMR， the structure of TKS rubber was similar to that of Hevea rubber. The cross-linking density of TKS rubber was lower than that of Hevea rubber. The molecular weight ，of TKS rubber was smaller than that of Hevea rubber， and the molecular weight distribution was narrower and more uniform. The P0 and Mooney viscosity of TKS rubber was much lower than that of Hevea rubber， so it is difficult to produce and process the TKS rubber.

Keywords： TKS rubber; component analysis; structural analysis

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.031

天然橡胶因具有优良的综合性能，被广泛应用于航天事业、交通运输、国防科技、医疗卫生等领域。随着我国经济的高速发展，对天然橡胶的需求量也急剧增加[1]。但目前我国橡胶产业的发展仍存在许多制约因素，比如我国汽车产业对天然橡胶的需求量远大于我国橡胶的自产量，导致我国极度依赖于进口橡胶;我国橡胶树割胶技术自动化程度较低，高度依赖人工割胶，导致劳动力成本占比居高不下，胶园屡屡弃割;由于环境污染导致全球气候变化无常，引发植胶区自然灾害;三叶橡胶树遭受南美枯叶病的破坏等因素的综合作用，使橡胶产量和供应受到影响;三叶天然橡胶中还含有过敏性蛋白质，对生产工人存在一定的安全隐患[2-4]。……