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关中渭北地区传统村落人居环境生态复合性系统评价

2021-01-13张鸽娟何贞莹

中国城市林业 2021年6期

张鸽娟 何贞莹

摘要:在广义生态观视野下,将传统村落作为社会、文化、生态复合性系统,研究其人居环境的生态适应性具有重要意义。文章采用案例分析法,对关中渭北地区传统村落进行概括归类,初步筛选典型案例,针对村落的生态宜居特性及文化传承特质,制定量化评价指标体系并进行生态评价,以最终选出的党家村、柏社村、窑头村为代表,分析总结渭北地区传统村落在选址格局、建筑营造、公共空间、街巷空间、文化系统等方面的生态性营建经验。该研究可为传统村落人居环境的生态优化和保护性建设提供一定的参考。

关键词:人居环境,生态复合性系统,营建经验,渭北传统村落

DOI: 10.12169/zgcsly.2021.01.22.0001

Abstract: Under the broad ecological view, it is of great significance to study the ecological adaptability of traditional villages as a complex social, culture and ecologic system. This paper adopts the case analysis method to summarize and classify the traditional villages in the Weibei area of Guanzhong and preliminarily screen the typical cases. The quantitative evaluation index system is set up around the ecological livable characteristics and cultural heritage characteristics of the villages to carry out ecological evaluations, and then Dangjia Village, Baishe Village and Yaotou Village are selected to analyze and summarize the ecological construction experience of the traditional villages in the Weibei Area in site selection pattern, architectural construction, public space, street space, cultural system. The study could provide reference for ecological optimization and protective construction of living environment in traditional villages.

Keywords: human settlement, complex ecological system, construction experience, Weibei traditional village

目前,中國传统村落正处于全面转型发展的关键阶段[1],村落人居环境作为“乡村建筑与自然环境相互作用的地表空间综合体”[2],面临着乡村空心化、人居空间破碎化、文化基因碎片化和生态环境失衡等危机,并普遍存在人地矛盾、能耗物耗、环境污染等一系列生态问题[3]。村落生态系统是一个典型的人工、半人工生态系统[4],兼具栖息、繁衍等居住功能和社会经济活动等生产功能[5]。传统村落以其丰富的历史文化遗存以及独特的非物质文化区别于普通村落,在融乡村社会、文化、自然于一体的广义生态观视野下,研究其营建活动与人居环境的适应协调方式,探索建立可持续的、和谐统一的人居环境秩序的途径,对于提高村落人居环境质量有着重要的意义[6]。……

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