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9种园林树种凋落叶的持水性能

2021-01-13于强闫淑君陈莹李兆阳黄雪晶王樱锦林铭群

中国城市林业 2021年6期

于强 闫淑君 陈莹 李兆阳 黄雪晶 王樱锦 林铭群

摘要:文章结合叶片性状,采用室内浸提法对9种园林绿化树种凋落叶的持水特性和失水特性进行研究,以探讨其凋落叶的持水性能。结果表明:1)最大持水率依次为香樟>羊蹄甲>丹桂>黃槿>紫叶李>垂柳>榔榆>白兰>印度榕,最大失水率依次为丹桂>香樟>白兰>黄槿>紫叶李>垂柳>印度榕>羊蹄甲>榔榆;2)持水率及失水率与时间均存在对数函数方程关系,吸水速率及失水速率与时间均存在幂函数方程关系;3)持水性能与叶长、叶宽和叶面积等性状的相关性较强,持水性能的大小与凋落叶个体的形态结构及叶片之间的贴合度有关。总体上,香樟、丹桂、羊蹄甲及榔榆的持水性能相对较佳,具有较强的涵养水源能力。

关键词:园林绿化树种,凋落叶,持水性,失水性,叶片性状

DOI: 10.12169/zgcsly.2020.12.27.0001

Abstract: This paper uses the soaking extract method in combination with leaf traits to study the water holding characteristics and water losing characteristics of the litters from 9 species of greening trees for exploring their water holding capacity. The results show that: 1) Their maximum water holding rates are ordered as Cinnamomum camphora > Bauhinia purpurea > Osmanthus fragrans > Hibiscus tiliaceus > Prunus cerasifera > Salix babylonica > Ulmus parvifolia > Michelia alba > Ficus elastica, while their maximum water loss rates as O. fragrans > C. camphora > M. alba > H. tiliaceus > P. cerasifera > S. babylonica > F. elastica > B. purpurea > U. parvifolia; 2) The water holding rate and the water losing rate have a logarithmic function equation relationship with time, and the water absorption rate and water loss rate have a power function equation relationship with time; and 3) The water holding capacity has a strong correlation with leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area, and it is also related to the morphological structure of individual litters and the compactness between the leaves. On the whole, C. camphora, O. fragrans, B. purpurea, and U. parvifolia have relatively better water holding capacity, and thus they have strong water conservation capacity.

Keywords: greening tree species, leaf litter,water holding characteristics, water losing characteristics, leaf trait

凋落物[1]作为连接植被与土壤的中间层,分解释放的养分对维持土壤肥力起重要作用,同时对植被水环境平衡也具有重要意义[2-3]。一方面,附于地表的凋落物在一定程度上可减缓地表径流、防止土壤侵蚀、抑制水分蒸发和促进水分渗入土壤;另一方面,凋落物疏松结构可吸滞和分散降水,达到涵养水源的作用[4-7]。凋落物包括植物凋落于地面的枝、茎、叶、花、果实和种子等[8],其中,凋落叶占比49.6%~100%[9],是凋落物重要的组成成分[10]。当前对凋落叶的持水性能研究包括从不同树种角度研究凋落叶的持水特性 [11]、研究不同生境下凋落叶的持水特性 [12]和分析凋落叶多样性混合对其持水性能的影响等[13-14]。……

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