张小晶 李巧玉 陈娟 刘锦春 陶建平

摘要：色彩是植物配置和景观呈现的重要方面。文章通过无人机对四川米亚罗景区内12个彩叶景观林进行跟踪拍摄，并量化图像色彩，以定性和定量相结合的方法研究其色彩属性现状及变化特征。结果表明：米亚罗彩叶景观林的色彩季相变化明显，色彩饱和度和明度集中在中间等级。春夏季为非彩色期，主色调以绿色为主;秋季为彩色期，绿色与红橙黄三色构成对比色，能够营造出强烈的视觉效应。纯林和混交林在变色初期以绿色为主，色彩空间格局尚未形成，随着一些落叶树种的叶色变红变黄，色彩组成以及色彩空间格局方面的差异逐渐被体现出来，在变色盛期纯林和混交林色彩特征差异最明显。彩叶景观林的最佳观赏期在10月中旬，前后持续20 d，游客在此期间出行可以观赏到叶色丰富、层次明显的景观。研究可为彩叶景观林配置等提供一些理论参考。

关键词：色彩量化，色彩组成，色彩空间格局，最佳观赏期，米亚罗彩叶景观林

DOI： 10.12169/zgcsly.2020.02.28.0002

Abstract： Color is an important aspect of plant configuration and landscape presentation. In this paper， unmanned aerial vehicle （UAV） is used to track and shoot 12 colorful landscape forests in Miyaluo Scenic Spot， Sichuan Province， and the image color is quantified. The qualitative and quantitative methods are used to study the status quo and changing characteristics of color attributes. The results show that the colors of the colorful landscape forests in Miyaluo Scenic Spot change distinctly in different seasons， and the color saturation and brightness fall in the middle range. Spring and summer are green leaf periods in which green is the dominating color， while autumn is the color leaf period in which the contrasting colors of green and red， orange and yellow can create a strong visual effect. In the early stage of color change， the color dominating pure forests and mixed forests is mainly green， and the color space pattern has yet formed， but as the leaves of some deciduous tree species turns red and yellow， the differences emerge in color composition and color space pattern， especially the difference in color characteristics between pure forest and mixed forest， which is the most obvious at the peak of color change. The best viewing period of colorful landscape forest is in the middle of October and will last about 20 days. Tourists should travel to view the landscape with rich leaf colors and evident color layers. This study would provide reference for colorful landscape forest configuration.

Keywords： color quantization， color composition， color space pattern， best viewing period， Miyaluo colorful landscape forest

植物是森林的組成部分之一，植物在森林美学功能中扮演着重要角色[1]。色彩是植物最富活力的物理特征，是人眼视觉接收植物的第一信息[2]。色彩作为构建美丽城镇景观的重要载体[3-4]，对于色彩的研究常常集中在彩叶植物的呈色机理、观赏价值、资源现状、园林应用等方面[5-6]。利用植物进行园林造景时，大多是“从无到有”的构建过程，而对彩叶景观林的建设大多是“从有到优”的过程，彩叶景观林因其面积大且叶色丰富多样带给人震撼的感受。……