大学生死亡态度现状的调查分析及教育对策
2021-01-13张莉
张莉
摘要采用《死亡态度描绘量表》(DAP-R)对857名在校大学生进行调查,结果发现:(1)大多数大学生对死亡呈现自然接受的态度;(2)大学生死亡态度存在明显的性别差异,女大学生更倾向于死亡恐惧、趋近接受的死亡态度;(3)家庭中能坦然公开谈论死亡的大学生持死亡恐惧、死亡逃避态度的更少,而更倾向于自然接受的死亡态度;(4)大学生是否有宗教信仰、是否有丧亲经历、身体健康状况在死亡态度上差异显著。因此,倡导高校开设生死教育课程,关注特殊教育对象,帮助大学生觉察到家庭对其死亡态度的影响,学习自我负责。
关键词 大学生 死亡态度 生死教育
中图分类号:G444文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.28.058
Investigation and Analysis of College Students’ Death Attitude and Educational Countermeasures
ZHANG Li
(Public Teaching Department, Dalian University of Finance and Economics, Dalian, Liaoning 116622)
Abstract857 college students were investigated with the death attitude description scale(dap-r). The results showed that: (1) most college students showed a natural attitude towards death; (2) There are obvious gender differences in college students’ death attitude, and female college students are more inclined to death fear and acceptance;(3)College students who can openly talk about death in their families hold less fear of death and escape from death, but more tend to naturally accept death; (4) Whether college students have religious belief, bereavement experience and physical health have significant differences in death attitude. Therefore, it is suggested that colleges and universities should set up life and death education courses, pay attention to the objects of special education, help college students perceive the influence of family on their death attitude, and learn to be responsible for themselves.
Keywordscollege students; death attitude; life-and-death education
大学生处于人生的黄金阶段,“死亡”似乎还很遥远,但随着社会竞争日益激烈,大学生群体中发生的自杀事件不断上升。个体的死亡态度与其自杀行为存在一定关系。死亡态度是指个体对死亡做出反应时所持的评价性、较稳定的内部心理倾向。[1]本研究旨在了解家庭氛围、宗教信仰、身体健康状况等方面不同的大学生在死亡态度上表现出的差异特点,以期为生死教育的开展提供参考,促进大学生身心的健康发展。
1对象与方法
1.1对象
采用分层抽样的方法,选取大连市某高校的在校本科生共计874人开展调查,回收有效问卷857份。857名调查对象中男生229人(26.7%),女生628人(73.3%);大一345人(40.3%),大二418人(48.8%),大三46人(5.4%),大四48人(5.6%);有宗教信仰52人(6.1%);自我评价身体健康状况:很好487人(56.8%),一般354人(41.3%),很差16人(1.9%);经历过丧亲(包括祖父母辈)事件的514人(60%);……
