摘要：中国保险法承认保险当事人约定分摊条款之效力，但于其并未作出具体规定，致使中国理论界与实务界对分摊条款存在冲突情形之处理存在较大争议，尤其造成了法院适用该法律之困扰。通过探求各分摊条款的内涵，明确保险当事人约定此条款之真意，从而确定重复保险约定分摊条款之解决规则。同时，在贯彻损失填补原则、公平原则、对价平衡原则的基础上，以英美普通法相关规则为视角，着重论述分摊条款冲突之解决规则，以有利于重复保险分摊原则法律规定之理解与法院明晰解决分摊条款冲突之规则。

关键词：重复保险;分摊条款;分摊规则

中图分类号：D922.284文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2021）04-0088-12

Study on the settlement rules of “otherwise agreed” contribution clauses under double insurance

GUO Jian-xun

（Law School，Nanjing University of Finance & Economics，Nanjing 210023，China）

Abstract：Chinas insurance law recognizes the effect of the contribution clauses agreed by the insurance parties， but it does not provide specific provisions， which leads to great disputes between the theoretical and practical circles in dealing with the conflict of the contribution clauses， especially causing the trouble for the court to apply the law. By exploring the connotation of the contributory clauses， we can clarify the true meaning of the insurance parties agreement， so as to determine the resolution rules of the “otherwise agreed” contribution clauses under double insurance. At the same time， based on the principles of compensation， fairness and balance of consideration， and from the perspective of the relevant rules of common law of the UK and USA， this paper discusses the rules for resolving the conflict of contribution clauses， so as to facilitate the understanding of the legal provisions of the principle of double insurance relating to contribution and the clarity of the rules for resolving the conflict of contribution clauses by the courts.

Key words：double insurance;contribution clauses;contribution rules

雖然分摊权是法定的权利而非合同约定的权利，但可以通过合同加以修改①。法定的分摊原则只涉及保险人间的损失分摊，系保险人间的内部关系;而约定的分摊条款则会影响到被保险人的索赔，因其会影响到被保险人向保险人索赔之顺序与能否要求保险人承担赔付责任。[1]但是根据完全补偿原则，分摊条款不能损害被保险人就其投保之价值获得完全补偿之权利。所以分摊条款重在处理各保险人间如何分担损失，而不是在保险人与被保险人间分摊损失。[2]90

由此，分摊条款旨在确定重复保险所承保之同一保险事故发生时各保险人应承担之赔偿责任，亦发挥贯彻损失补偿原则与避免道德风险之作用。[2]93其意义日益显著，殊值研究。……