王亚男

摘要：国际投资仲裁实践中对“相似情形”的认定有“竞争关系”“经济领域”和“行为目的”三种界定标准，其中“行为目的”是东道国是否给予外商投资者国民待遇的关键。对中国外商投资中“相似情形”的判定与考量需要在抽象与具体两个不同的维度进行思考。当中国作为东道国接受外国投资时，需要在人类命运共同体理念的指引下完善本国外商投资法律制度，特别是要制定并强化中国国际贸易政策的部门审查机制;当中国作为外商投资者时会面临着因国家对国有企业投资的控制力度所产生的来自于东道国政府的差别待遇问题。对此，应该以人类命运共同体理念为中国国际法理念的核心和抓手，重点完善国际贸易政策的部门审查机制等规范，并以“试点”性做法在中国自贸区或粤港澳大湾区内检验中国相关外资政策的实施效果。

关键词：相似情形;外商投资;国民待遇;人类命运共同体

中图分类号：D996.4文献标志码：A

文章编号：2096-028X（2021）04-0020-09

The determination and consideration of “similar circumstances” under the principle of national treatment

WANG Ya-nan

（Law School，Dalian Maritime University，Dalian 116026，China）

Abstract：In the practice of international investment arbitration， the identification of “similar situation” has three definition standards： “competitive relationship”， “economic field” and “behavior purpose”. Among these three definition standards， the criterion of “behavior purpose” is the key to whether the host country gives national treatment to foreign investors. The judgment and consideration of similar situations in Chinas foreign investment need to be considered in two different dimensions： abstract and concrete. When

as the host country， China needs to improve its foreign investment legal system under the grasp of the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind， especially to formulate and strengthen the departmental review mechanism of Chinas international trade policy. While as a foreign investor， China will face the problem of differential treatment from the host government caused by the states control over the investment of state-owned enterprises. In this regard， we should take the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind as the core and starting point of Chinas concept of international law， focus on improving the norms such as the departmental review mechanism of international trade policies， and provide a good test for the implementation of Chinas relevant foreign investment policies in Chinas free trade zone or Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with a “pilot” approach.

Key words：similar situation;foreign investment;national treatment;a community with a shared future for mankind

國民待遇原则是国家之间缔结双边投资协定的核心内容，同时也是一国外商投资立法的重要组成部分，它的作用在于防止外国投资者在东道国境内受到来自东道国政府的歧视。2020年1月实施的《中华人民共和国外商投资法》（简称《外商投资法》）第4条明确提出“国家对外商投资实行准入前国民待遇加负面清单管理制度”。从概念上来看，国民待遇原则是指东道国政府有义务给予外国投资者以及外国投资不低于“在‘相似情形下给予本国投资者以及本国投资”的待遇。……