论中医与“蛊”
2021-01-06李虹燕童晓云梁玲
李虹燕 童晓云 梁玲
【摘 要】 在古典医籍中,“蠱”作为一个与疾病有关的词,含义模糊而多歧。文章通过整理、分析相关文献,总结其含义,指出“蛊”与中医颇有联系,其既可作为中医致病因素,又可作为中医的病名和证候名,概括了古代许多复杂而又难治的疾病及其症状表现,是古人认知疾病的一种方式。
【关键词】 蛊;中医;致病因素;病名;证候名
【中图分类号】R29 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2021)22-0001-04
On Traditional Chinese Medicine and “Gu”
LI Hongyan1 TONG Xiaoyun1* LIANG Ling2
1.The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Kunming 650032,China;
2.Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500,China
Abstract:In ancient medicine books,“Gu”as a word related to disease,the meaning is vague and many different.Through sorting out and analyzing the relevant literature,this paper summarizes its meaning,and points out that ”Gu” has quite a connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine,which can be used not only as a pathogenic factor of Traditional Chinese Medicine,but also as a disease name and syndrome name of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and summarizes many complex and difficult diseases in ancient times and their symptoms and manifestations.It is a way for the ancients to recognize diseases.
Keywords:Gu; Traditional Chinese Medicine; Pathogenic Factor; Name of Disease; Syndrome Name
“蛊”在我国民间,特别是少数民族地区中作为一种信仰或文化,被赋予了许多神秘色彩,多数人把“蛊”与“巫”联系在了一起。而在《黄帝内经》《诸病源候论》《肘后方》《神农本草经》等中医古籍中,也有许多关于“蛊”的说法:一说“蛊”是自然界或人工蓄养的毒虫;二是认为“蛊”是一种毒药或是自然界的热毒厉气;还有人认为“蛊”其实是古人对细菌的一种认识;也有认为“蛊”是病名或是证候名的。总之,中医对“蛊”的认识多种多样,本文通过对相关文献资料的整理分析,将中医“蛊”的含义归纳为致病因素、病名和证候名三类。
1 “蛊”——中医致病因素
作为东方具有神秘色彩的“蛊”,从中医中药的角度来看,笔者认为,“蛊”在一定层面上可作为中医的致病因素来理解。早在甲骨卜辞中就涉及蛊与疾病。如:“有疾齿, 唯蛊虐?” (《小屯·殷墟文字乙编》7310片)。又如“贞: 王骨唯蛊? 贞: 王骨不唯蛊?”(《合》286 )。殷人认为齿病、骨病都可能由“蛊”所致,可见“蛊”是一种致病因素[1]。《神农本草经》中“蛊”多与“鬼”“毒”“恶气”等词并列,其性质大可与此类致病因素类似。……
