戴红霞 许慧敏 韩玉冰

摘要 采用GIS和RS遥感影像技术对黑龙江省的地理特性及地貌情况进行分析，以DEM基础数据采用ArcGIS的方法确定影响因子;利用ArcGIS软件对各影响因子数据进行处理，根据各影响因子图层加权叠加运算侵蚀强度对水土流失进行评价。结果表明，黑龙江省大部分区域中的土壤侵蚀强度多处于微度，少数为轻度土壤侵蚀的地区，没有产生极强度土壤侵蚀的地区，仅有部分地区土壤侵蚀的强度是中度、强度和剧烈。2018年水土流失总面积占黑龙江省土地总面积的7.38%，黑龙江省水土流失情况在逐年增加，应该引起重视。

关键词 水土流失;GIS;RS;影响因素;黑龙江省

中图分类号 F323.21  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0109-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.025

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Soil Erosion in Heilongjiang Province Based on GIS and RS

DAI Hong-xia，XU Hui-min，HAN Yu-bing

（College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering， Northeast Petroleum University， Daqing， Heilongjiang 163318）

Abstract GIS and RS remote sensing image technology were used to analyze the geographic characteristics and landforms of Heilongjiang Province，the method of ArcGIS was used to determine the impact factor based on DEM basic data.The ArcGIS software was used to process the data of each influencing factor， and the soil erosion was evaluated according to the weighted superposition of each influencing factor layer and the erosion intensity.The results showed that the intensity of soil erosion in most areas of Heilongjiang Province was mostly slightly， a few were areas with mild soil erosion， there was no area with extreme strength soil erosion， and only some areas had moderate，strong and severe soil erosion.In 2018， the total area of soil erosion accounted for 7.38% of the total land area of Heilongjiang Province. The situation of soil erosion in Heilongjiang Province was increasing year by year， which should be paid attention to.

Key words Soil erosion;GIS;RS;Influencing factors;Heilongjiang Province

作者简介 戴红霞（1970—），女，辽宁沈阳人，副教授，在读博士，从事环境评价技术、环境治理技术、环境监测技术等研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-30

人类对土地的利用受自然地貌因素的影响较大[1]，同样人类的生产活动也会影响土地资源。水土流失问题一直是一个重大的环境和生态问题[2]。世界上许多国家和地区不断进行着区域水土流失空间分布情况调查分析[3]，确定水土流失量及其空间分布位置[4]，建立生态环境和社会环境的GIS信息系统便于治理[5-7]。随着经济的快速发展，带动了各行各业的发展，从而引发土地利用率增加，对土地不当的开垦利用引发水土流失造成土地退化[8]，农用地容易引发和加重土壤侵蚀[9]，还有陡坡地、沟壑砂土地因自然地理缺陷易受雨水侵蚀的危害造成严重水土流失[10-11]。……