花生油压榨中黄曲霉毒素的预防策略研究
2021-01-04杨永
杨永

摘 要:简易工艺榨取花生油是在农村比较常见的一种榨油方式。简易压榨花生油受到工艺简单、检测手段等限制,容易出现黄曲霉毒素超标等安全隐患。本文阐述了简易工艺榨取花生油的生产工艺以及花生油产品的质量等级指标,分析了黄曲霉毒素的危害,并探讨了预防简易工艺法压榨花生油中黄曲霉毒素产生的措施,以期为相关人员提供参考。
关键词:黄曲霉毒素;简易工艺法;花生油
Study on Prevention Strategy of Aflatoxin in Peanut Oil Pressing
YANG Yong
(Shijiazhuang University of Applied Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China)
Abstract: Peanut oil extraction by simple process is a common way in rural areas. Simple pressed peanut oil is limited by simple process and detection means, which is prone to safety hazards such as exceeding the standard of aflatoxin. This article describes the production process of peanut oil extracted by simple process and the quality index of peanut oil products, analyzes the hazards of aflatoxins, and discusses the prevention of aflatoxin in peanut oil extracted by simple process, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.
Keywords: aflatoxin; simple process method; peanut oil
花生俗称长生果、落花生,有着吉祥如意、花开富贵、长生常有、生生不息的寓意。其宜生长在气候温暖、雨量适中的沙质土地区,生长时间较长,每年一季。花生营养丰富,含有25%~35%的蛋白,还含有8种人体所需的胡萝卜素、粗纤维、氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸等物质。它的药用价值很高,具有抗老化、凝血止血、滋血通乳、促进发育、增强记忆、降低胆固醇、延缓人体衰老、促进儿童骨骼发育、促进新陈代新、预防肿瘤等功效[1]。
花生油色泽清亮、淡黄透明、滋味可口,是非常容易消化的食用油。花生油中含有的不饱和脂肪酸量达80%左右,饱和脂肪酸含量为19.9%左右,主要组成有棕榈酸(Palmiticacid)、硬脂酸(Stearicacid)、亚油酸(Linoleicacid)、花生酸(Arachidicacid)和山萮酸(Behenicacid)等。花生油中还含有特殊嗅味成分,如已醛(Hexanal)和γ-丁内酯(γ-Butyrola)。花生油的制作方法有浸出法和压榨法,现在常用的方法是压榨法[2]。
1 简易工艺榨取花生油生产工艺
简易工艺榨取花生油是在农村比较常见的一种榨油方式,其榨取工艺简单,获得的花生油营养丰富,香味浓郁。……
