魏晋南北朝士冠礼变迁考辨
2021-01-03陶辉戴紫薇吴倩倩李斌
陶辉 戴紫薇 吴倩倩 李斌
摘要: 针对魏晋南北朝时期士冠礼衰落问题,文章运用历史文献研究法对魏晋南北朝冠礼式微原因及衰落过程进行有益探讨,望能明晰士冠礼衰落的本质,充分揭示其丰富的蕴意并总结历史经验,为探寻朝代变迁时期的礼仪转型提供理论基础与参考。首先,造成魏晋南北朝时期行冠礼的年龄提前,映射了皇权的危机和时局的动荡,它体现了时代的特征;其次,儒学式微导致士冠礼缺乏创新发展的土壤,玄学、佛教兴盛引致避世思想的流行,从某种程度上也阻碍了士冠礼的發展;最后,导致魏晋南北朝士冠礼式微的原因有三,一为主流思想的变更是其根本原因,二为社会的分裂动荡是其客观原因,三为服饰交融变化是其直接原因。
关键词: 魏晋南北朝;变迁;皇权;冠礼式微;儒家思想;礼仪文化
中图分类号: TS941.12;K892.23
文献标志码: B
文章编号: 1001-7003(2021)12-0105-05
引用页码: 121205
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.12.017(篇序)
Abstract: In view of the decline of the ritual of Shiguan ceremony during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties, this article explored the reasons and process of decline of the capping ceremony in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties using historical literature research method, hoping to clarify the essence of the decline of the ritual of Shiguan ceremony, fully reveal its abundant connotation, summarize historical experience and provide a theoretical basis and reference for exploring the etiquette transformation during the period of dynasty transition. First, the age of capping ceremony in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties was advanced, reflecting the crisis of imperial power and the turbulent political situation, embodying the characteristics of the times; secondly, the decline of Confucianism led to the lack of soil for innovation and development of the capping ceremony. The prosperity of metaphysics and Buddhism resulted in the popularity of escapism, to some extent hindering the development of the ritual of Shiguan ceremony; finally, the decline of the ritual of Shiguan ceremony in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties are attributed to three reasons. First, the change of mainstream thought is the root cause, and secondly, the split and turmoil of the society is the objective one and thirdly, the blending and change of costumes is the direct cause.
Key words: the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties; changes; imperial power; decline of capping ceremony; Confucianism; etiquette culture
魏晋南北朝(公元220—420年)是中国社会历史上最动荡不安的时期,政权更替频繁,同时也是汉族与少数民族文化交融频繁的时期。由于政治混乱导致社会动荡,但在思想上却呈现百家争鸣的现象。士人追求洒脱,对礼学的重视程度不断下降,冠礼也随之被漠视,甚至一度废而不行,标志着冠礼在中国历史上的第一次衰落。事实上,南北朝时期,唯有南朝宫廷皇家举行冠礼,而中原地区则处于“五胡乱华”动荡局面,未见冠礼的记载。目前关于魏晋南北朝冠礼文化研究的成果并不多,大多数学者是在较大的历史视域下研究魏晋时期的礼制风俗,其中梁满仓先生的学术著作《魏晋南北朝五礼制度考论》[1]整体上对魏晋南北朝礼制进行了系统、深入的研究。……
