[摘要] 目的 分析云浮市2015—2018年无偿献血人群的性别、年龄、文化程度等分布情况及变化趋势，为制订和改进无偿献血者招募策略提供参考。方法 采用穿越软件信息管理系统，以2015—2018年在云浮市中心血站的无偿献血者为研究对象进行统计分析。结果 2018年云浮市献血25 018人次，比2015年22 298人次，增长12.20%。男性献血者明显多于女性，差异有统计学意义（χ2=61.397，P<0.01）;不同年龄段献血人次差异有统计学意义（χ2=350.390，P<0.01），献血年龄主要在26～35岁青年，26～35岁与46～55岁年龄段人数构成比例逐年上升，18～25岁年龄段人数构成比例逐年下降，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;文化程度以中低教育程度献血者为主。结论 继续加大女性、18～25岁青年、大中专以上学历人群的招募力度。

[关键词] 献血人群;变化趋势;分析

[中图分类号] R197.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2020）07（b）-0185-03

The Structure and Trend of Unpaid Blood Donors in Yunfu City from 2015 to 2018

WU Cai-fa

Central Blood Station of Yunfu， Yunfu， Guangdong Province， 527300 China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the gender， age， and educational level of the population of unpaid blood donors in Yunfu City from 2015 to 2018， and to provide references for formulating and improving the recruitment strategy of unpaid blood donors. Methods Through the software information management system， the unpaid blood donors at the blood station in the center of Yunfu from 2015 to 2018 were used for statistical analysis. Results In 2018， there were 25 018 blood donations in Yunfu City， an increase of 12.20% over the 22 298 in 2015. There were significantly more male blood donors than female blood donors， and the difference was statistically significant （χ2=61.397， P<0.01）; the number of blood donations in different age groups is significantly different （χ2=350.390， P<0.01）， and the blood donation age was mainly 26 -35-year-old youth， the proportion of the 26-35 and 46-55 age groups was increasing year by year， and the proportion of the 18-25 year olds was decreasing year by year， the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）; the education level was medium blood donors with low education level. Conclusion Continue to increase the recruitment of females， young people aged 18-25， and people with college degree or above.

[Key words] Blood donor population; Change trend; Analysis

自1998年《中华人民共和国献血法》实施，才正式确立了无偿献血制度，这也标志着我国无偿献血工作迈入法制化管理的轨道。医疗用血备受社会关注，血液是一種宝贵的生物资源，血液供应影响着社会和谐与稳定。无偿献血工作关系到医院输血工作是否顺利进行，输血是抢救生命和治疗疾病的重要手段之一。近年来，随着医疗水平的不断提高，医院就诊者增加，我国临床用血量迅速增多[1]，部分地区出现了血液供应无法满足临床用血需求现象[2]，临床采供血供需矛盾日渐凸显，建立招募无偿献血长效机制是缓解血液供应紧张的有效解决办法[3]。为掌握无偿献血人群变化规律，有针对性地改进和完善献血者招募策略，巩固和壮大自愿无偿献血者队伍，对2015—2018年度云浮市无偿献血者结构及变化趋势进行分析，现报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

在献血前，由献血者填写登记表，将其填写内容整理输入电脑进行登记，为每位献血者建立个人档案，同时记录献血者的个人资料。……