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支气管舒张试验对不同程度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能各参数改善的影响

2020-10-09刘美玲

中外医疗 2020年19期
关键词:肺功能慢性阻塞性肺疾病

刘美玲

[摘要] 目的 探討支气管舒张试验对不同程度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能各参数改善的影响。 方法 方便选取2017年1月—2019年2月期间于该院呼吸内科进行就诊并收治入院的50例COPD患者为研究对象,按照患者病情将患者分级,其中轻度患者16例,中度患者19例,重度患者15例。所有患者均接受支气管舒张试验,观察不同病情严重程度患者在吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂后,肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气量FEV1、用力肺活量及深吸气量IC的变化情况。 结果 COPD患者接受支气管舒张试验后,试验前轻度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(2.11±0.34)、(3.31±0.48)、(2.62±0.43)L,中度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(1.32±0.32)、(2.87±0.51)、(2.05±0.36)L,重度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(1.01±0.33)、(2.47±0.44)、(1.63±0.37)L,试验后轻度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(2.45±0.41)、(3.56±0.51)、(2.83±0.46)L,中度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(1.67±0.34)L、(3.08±0.49)、(2.26±0.39)L,重度组FEV1、FVC、IC为(1.14±0.34)、(2.56±0.48)、(1.97±0.38)L,治疗后3组比较差异有统计学意义(F=48.236、26.913、11.973,P<0.05)。此外,接受支气管舒张试验后,不同程度COPD患者肺功能指标改善率不同。随着COPD患者疾病严重程度的增加,FEV1值改善率逐渐下降,而FVC和IC值逐渐升高。 结论 支气管舒张试验对不同程度COPD患者肺功能均有明显的改善作用。接受支气管舒张试验后,肺功能指标中FEV1随着COPD患者病情严重程度的下降,其改善率逐渐下降,而IC与FVC值却逐渐升高。在重度COPD患者中,FVC和IC指标改善率大。在对患者进行气流受限评估时,要综合各项指标进行综合分析。

[关键词] 慢性阻塞性肺疾病;支气管舒张试验;肺功能

[中图分类号] R5          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2020)07(a)-0001-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of bronchodilation test on the improvement of various parameters of lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of different degrees. Methods From January 2017 to February 2019, 50 COPD patients who were convenient admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the hospital and admitted to the hospital were selected as the research subjects. The patients were graded according to the patient's condition, including 16 mild patients and 19 moderate patients, 15 cases of severe patients. All patients underwent a bronchodilator test to observe the changes in lung function indexes of forced expiratory volume FEV1, forced vital capacity and deep inspiratory volume IC in the first second after inhalation of salbutamol sulfate aerosol in patients with different severity. Results After the COPD patients received the bronchodilator test, the FEV1, FVC, and IC of the mild group before the test were (2.11±0.34)L, (3.31±0.48)L, (2.62±0.43)L. The FEV1, FVC and IC of the moderate group were (1.32±0.32)L, (2.87±0.51)L, (2.05±0.36)L. Severe group FEV1, FVC, IC were (1.01±0.33)L, (2.47±0.44)L, (1.63±0.37)L. After the test, the FEV1, FVC and IC of the mild group were (2.45±0.41)L, (3.56±0.51)L, (2.83±0.46)L. The FEV1, FVC and IC of the moderate group were (1.67±0.34)L, (3.08±0.49)L and (2.26±0.39)L. In severe group, FEV1, FVC, IC were (1.14±0.34)L, (2.56±0.48)L,(1.97±0.38)L, and had significant statistical difference compared with the three group(F=48.236, 26.913, 11.973, P<0.05). In addition, after receiving the bronchodilator test, the lung function index improvement rate of patients with different degrees of COPD is different. As the severity of disease in COPD patients increases, the rate of improvement in FEV1 values gradually decreases, while FVC and IC values gradually increase. Conclusion The bronchodilator test can obviously improve the lung function of patients with different degrees of COPD. After receiving the bronchodilator test, the improvement rate of FEV1 in the lung function index with the decrease in the severity of COPD patients gradually decreased, while the IC and FVC values gradually increased. In patients with severe COPD, the improvement rate of FVC and IC indicators is large. When evaluating the patient's airflow limitation, various indicators should be integrated for comprehensive analysis.

[Key words] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Bronchodilator test; Lung function

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是呼吸系统常见的慢性疾病,临床表现为患者气流受限,且患者病情呈进行性发展[1-2]。由于COPD患病人数多,病死率高,随着COPD疾病的进展,COPD患者所承担的经济负担逐渐加重,成为一个重要的社会公共卫生问题[3-4]。支气管舒张试验主要是通过人工给予气管扩张剂后,扩张阻塞的气管,观察气管的舒张程度,其中第1秒用力呼气量FEV1(forced expiratory volume in one second)、用力肺活量FVC(forced vital capacity)以及FEV1/FVC在诊断、鉴别COPD以及对COPD进行分级上发挥了重要的作用[5-6]。该研究探讨了2017年1月—2019年2月该院收治50例COPD患者接受支气管舒张试验后,肺功能各参数改善的差异,现报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

方便选取于该院呼吸内科进行就诊并收治入院的COPD患者为研究对象。……

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