任志强

1. annual [njul]

adj. 每年的;按年度计算的

But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises. 但在每年政党年会上，他总是随声附和。

The annual slaughter of wildlife in Italy is horrific. 在意大利，每年大量捕杀野生动物的现象令人震惊。

n. 年刊;年鉴;一年生植物

His essay is copied from a college annual. 他的论文是从一本大学年刊上抄下来的。

Many garden plants are annuals. 许多观赏植物都是一年生的。

【高考链接】

Before the 1830s， most newspapers were sold through ___ subscriptions in America， usually $8 to $10 a year. （2019全国卷Ⅲ）

Key：annual

2. witness [wItns]

vt. 当场见到;目击

I witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那次交通事故。

The girl had no word for the sights she had witnessed. 这女孩无法形容她所目击的事。

vt. 为……作证;作证;证明

My wife will witness that I was at home all evening. 我妻子将会证明我整晚都呆在家里。

n. [C] 目击者;见证人

I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他们吵架的目击者。

n. [U，C] 证据;证言

She was punished for giving false witness. 她因作伪证受到惩处。

易混辨析

look， see， watch， observe与witness

这些动词均有“看”之意。 look侧重“看”的动作;see指看见;watch指用眼睛跟随某物，以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察;observe侧重以客观的态度进行观察;witness指当场看见，亲眼看见。

【高考链接】

History has ___ the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. （2015重庆卷）

Key：witnessed

3. pause [p：z]

vi. 暂停;中止;踌躇

He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停顿一下清清嗓子。

n. [C] 暂停;中止

When we read the text， we should pay attention to sentence stress， pause and liaison. 读课文的时候，大家要注意句子的重音、停顿和连读现象。

n. [U] 踌躇;犹豫

Our advice gave pause to him. 我们的建议使他犹豫。

易混辨析

break， rest， stop與pause

这些名词均含有“中止;停止;休息”之意。 break为非正式用词，指突然的或短时间的中止，如工作或活动期间的短暂休息;rest泛指一般的休息;stop为普通用词，指迅速或突然中止某行为、活动或状态;pause指短暂的中断或停止，含再进行下去的意味。

【高考链接】

After a ___， I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. （2015上海卷）

Key：pause

4. drag [drɡ]

vt. 拖;拉;扯

He dragged the heavy case across the floor. 他在地板上拖着那个沉重的箱子。

Use your mouse to drag the pictures to their new size. 用鼠标拖动图片，将其调整为新的尺寸。

vi. 拖拽;拖沓

The performance dragged. 表演不紧凑（拖沓）。

易混辨析

draw， pull与drag

draw指将东西慢慢、缓缓拉动，使其移动;pull 是普通用语，指用力拉，与push 相对; drag指慢慢地拖着笨重的东西，意味着所拖的东西阻力很大。

【高考链接】

I found myself increasingly unwilling

___ myself to dance performances. （2018全国卷Ⅱ）

Key： to drag

5. urge [：d]

n. [C] 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求，冲动

He no longer has the urge to write letters to anybody. 他再也没有想要给任何人写信的欲望了。

There was an urge within that pushed me relentlessly to do this. 是内心一股无法遏制的冲动让我不停地去做这些。

vt. 催促;极力主张;驱策

It was already rather late， thus we decide to urge the customer. 已经相当晚了，所以我们决定催促顾客。

She urged him to try the soup. 她力劝他去试试这种汤。

vt. 极力主张;强烈要求

He urge all concerned to take an active part in the work. 他要求有关人员都积极参与这项工作。

vt. 推进;驱策

Sometimes riders urge their horses on with whips. 骑手有时用鞭子策马前进。

He was urged by his conscience. 他受良心所驱策。

易混辨析

persuade， convince与urge

这些动词均有“劝说;劝导;劝诱”之意。persuade为普通用词，指通过劝说、感情交流等而使对方做劝说者所希望的事;convince指凭行动、事实或言语使他人从思想感情上信服;urge语气强，指不断地、热情地规劝诱导。

【高考鏈接】

We at the NYFC need broad support as we ___ Congress to increase farmland conservation. （2018江苏卷）

Key： urge

6. abandon [bndn] vt.

遗弃;抛弃

People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. 人们出国时常常丢下宠物不管，一走了之。

舍弃;丢弃

Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使很多驾车者弃车步行。

中止;放弃

They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因为大雨，他们不得不中止比赛。

陷入;沉湎于

abandon oneself to 陷入;沉湎于（某种情感）

He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入绝望。

派生词

abandoned adj. 被离弃的;被遗弃的;被抛弃的

The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 该弃儿被人们发现时安然无恙。

abandonment n. 离弃;遗弃;抛弃;放弃;中止

Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day's competitions. 连绵阴雨致使翌日各项赛事被迫中止。

【高考链接】

In each episode（一期节目） of Man vs. Wild， Grylls is ___ in a wild area and has to find his way out. （2015北京卷）

Key： abandoned

7. target [tɑ：ɡIt]

n. [C] 目标

The university will reach its target of

50，000 students next September. 这所大学将于下个九月达到在校学生50，000人的目标。

n. [C] 靶;靶子

The soldiers were banging away at the target. 士兵们不断地向靶子射击。

n. [C] 攻击目标;批评对象

They bombed military and civilian targets.他们轰炸了军事和民用目标。

He's become the target for a lot of criticism recently. 他最近成了众矢之的。

vt. 把……作为攻击目标;把……作为批评的对象

The company has been targeted by animal right's groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 这家公司因用狗做药物试验而成为动物保护团体批评的对象。

vt. 面向;把……对准（某群体）

The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 这个宣传计划显然是针对青年人的。

【高考链接】

Neither of the arrows hit the ___.（2014陕西卷）

Key： target

8. reflect [rIflekt]

vi. 思考

reflect on / upon

She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision. 她在那里考虑她这个决定的影响。

vt. 反映;映出（影像）

His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的脸映在镜子里。

vt. 反射（声、光、热等）

The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗户反射着午后明媚的阳光。

vt. 显示;表明;表达（事物的自然属性或人们的态度、情感等）

Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。

派生词

reflection n.

[C] 映像;映照出的影像;反射

He admired his reflection in the mirror. 他欣赏着自己在镜中的影像。

[C] 反映;显示;表达

Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。

[U] 沉思;深思;审慎的思考

She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. 经过审慎的思考，她决定还是接受他的提议。

【高考链接】

“I ___ on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.” he said.（2019全国卷II）

Key： reflect

9. aware [we] adj.

意识到的;知道的

aware of 知道;意识到;明白

He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题。

察觉到;发觉;发现

They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他们突然意识到有人在瞧着他们。

对……有兴趣的;有……意识的

Young people are very environmentally aware. 年轻人的环保意识很强。

派生词

awareness n. 知道;认识;意识;兴趣

It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是学生提高对如何使用互联网的认识。

高考链接

Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised ___ of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. （2016全国新课标I）

Key： awareness

10. neat [ni：t] adj.

整洁的;整齐的;有序的

She was wearing a neat black suit. 她穿着整洁的黑色礼服。

好的;极好的

It's a really neat movie. 这真是一部极好的电影。

派生词

neatly adv. 整洁地;整齐地;有序地

The box fitted neatly into the drawer. 这盒子放在抽屉里正合适。

neatness n. 整洁;干净

The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness. 这些庭园是整齐有序和天然粗放的完美结合。

【高考链接】

These pieces can be folded into a ___ little pack and fastened on your belt. （2017全国卷I）

Key： neat

11. scare [ske（r）]

vt. 恐吓

The fireworks will scare the animals. 烟火会吓着动物。

scare sb. / sth. away 把……吓跑

Move quietly or you'll scare the birds away. 安静地走，否则你会吓跑鸟。

scare sb. into doing sth. 威胁，恐吓某人做某事

Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 当地商家迫于威胁缴纳了保护费。

scare sb. to death 吓死

Some horror movies may scare you to death. 有些恐怖电影能把你吓个半死。

vi. 受惊吓

I don't scare easily， you know. 要知道，我可不是那么容易被吓到的。

派生词

scared adj. 惊恐的

We were scared that something terrible might happen. 我们害怕会发生可怕的事情。

be scared of 害怕……

She is scared of going out alone. 她不敢一個人外出。

【高考链接】

Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and ________ the rest of us. （2016北京卷）

Key： scare