张任豹 林英庭 朱风华

摘    要：为了将柚子皮作为饲料原料开发和综合利用，随机采集超市的白柚和红柚，利用国标方法测定白柚皮和红柚皮常规养分和氨基酸含量，利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定微量元素含量。结果表明，白柚皮的常规成分含量为：干物质86.36%、粗蛋白8.23%、粗脂肪2.81%、粗灰分3.56%、钙0.36%、磷0.93%、粗纤维17.72%，微量元素含量为：铜5.68 mg·kg-1、铁150.04 mg·kg-1、锰12.43 mg·kg-1、锌12.85 mg·kg-1，氨基酸总量为6.29%，体外蛋白可消化率为12.58%;红柚皮的常规成分含量为：干物质87.19%、粗蛋白7.67%、粗脂肪3.02%、粗灰分4.84%、钙0.57%、磷1.10%、粗纤维17.73%，微量元素含量为：铜7.39 mg·kg-1、铁148.90 mg·kg-1、锰11.18 mg·kg-1、锌11.19 mg·kg-1，氨基酸总量为4.92%，体外蛋白可消化率为9.98%。由此可见，柚子皮含有较高的粗蛋白和丰富的矿物质元素，可作为畜禽的饲料原料。

关键词：营养组分;柚子皮;常规养分;氨基酸;微量元素

中图分类号： S666.3         文献标识码： A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2020.06.018

Abstract： In order to develop and utilize pomelo peel as feed material， white pomelo and red pomelo were randomly collected from supermarkets， conventional nutrients and amino acids in white pomelo and red pomelo peel were determined by national standard method， and trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The results showed that the contents of common components in white pomelo peel were as followings： dry matter 86.36%， crude protein 8.23%， crude fat 2.81%， crude ash 3.56%， calcium 0.36%， phosphorus 0.93%， and crude fiber 17.73%. The contents of trace elements were copper 5.68 mg·kg-1， iron 150.04 mg·kg-1， manganese 12.43 mg·kg-1， zinc 12.85 mg·kg-1. The total amino acid content was 6.29%. The digestibility of protein in vitro was 12.58%. The contents of common components in red pomelo peel were as followings： dry matter 87.19%， crude protein 7.67%， crude fat 3.02%， crude ash 4.84%， calcium 0.57%， phosphorus 1.10%， and crude fiber 17.73%. The trace elements were copper 7.39 mg·kg-1， iron 148.90 mg·kg-1， manganese 11.18 mg·kg-1， zinc 11.19 mg·kg-1. The total amino acid content was 4.92%. The digestibility of protein in vitro was 9.98%.Thus it can be seen that pomelo peel contains high crude protein and rich mineral elements， which could be used as feed raw material for livestocks and poultries.

Key words： nutrition integration; pomelo peel; routine ingredient; amino acid; trace elements

柚子別名雪柚、文旦等，芸香科柑橘属植物，主要生长在热带、亚热带地区，被广泛种植在东南亚和其他亚洲国家[1]。柚子在我国栽种历史悠久，最早可追溯到大约3 000年前的周代，福建、江西、两湖、两广等南方地区是柚子的主要产区[2]，我国柚子种植生产面积居世界第一，产量居世界第二[3]。研究表明，柚子营养价值丰富，被世界各地广泛食用，果肉含有很多人体必需的营养成分，含有维生素C以及一些生物活性物质，即酚类化合物、类黄酮和多糖[4-5]，不仅可以健脾开胃、清肠通便、滋润肺腑，还具有抗氧化、抗菌、抗瘤等功效。柚子皮约占整个柚子总质量的20%～30%，我国柚子的年产量在200万t以上[2]， 因此每年产生的柚子皮在40万t左右。……