莫太齐

摘要：转型时期，治理取向演变折射了中国政府治理体制转型的深层张力。通过梳理自分税制以来讨论中国政府治理的重要研究，归纳出三种讨论中国政府治理的不同路径：利益取向，其研究聚焦于财政体制与地方政府行为；权威取向，其研究主要围绕“权威体制与有效治理”这一范畴；历史取向，其研究着重揭示帝国治理的名实逻辑。由此发现，技术治理不必然意味政府治理的理性化，其理性化说辞背后依旧延续了“总体支配”精神与非正式治理机制。伴随财政资源项目化改革而来的集权效应，技术治理强化了地方政府的软预算约束倾向，继而引致政府治理在权威体制与有效治理上的深层矛盾。本质而言，正因为政治体制的合法性诉求与官僚体制理性化的互相推动，利益取向与权威取向的治理研究可以并存。历史取向的研究是在价值层面对政府治理研究的深入，并尝试从社会史与观念史角度厘清中国传统社会中国家与社会的互动关系及其民情。

关键词：政府治理；治理取向；技术治理；总体支配；名与实

中图分类号：C91-0文献标识码：A文章编号：2095-5103（2020）15-0079-18

The Reflections on the Studies of Governance Mechanisms in China： Theoretical Advances and Empirical Research

MO Taiqi

Abstract：During the transition，the governance orientation reflects the deep tension of governance system transition.This paper tries to trace the research lines on state governance since taxsharing reform.According to their underling research questions and theoretical perspectives，three approaches can be outlined as：（1）interest orientation，focusing on the centralizing fiscal system and the behavior pattern of local government ；（2）authoritative orientation，focusing on the category of，“authority system and effective governance”；（3）historical orientation，putting emphasis on relations of Name and Reality in empirical governance.In light of the evolution of governance orientation， we find micromanagement does not necessarily mean the rationalization of state governance，and its rationalization rhetoric still continues the spirit of“the overall allocation power”and informal governance mechanisms.Micromanagement pattern strengthens soft budget constraint trend of local government by centralizing local fiscal resources，which leads to the deep contradiction between the authoritative system and effective governance.This paper argues that，as the existing tension between the claim to legitimacy of politic system and rationalization of bureaucratic institution，both the interest orientation and authoritative orientation also present in theoretical perspectives.And such sociological research of historical orientation has advanced toward the value level，trying to clarify potential ethos and the relationship between“state and society”in traditional Chinese society from the perspective of social history and concept history.

Key words：state governance；governance orientation；micromanagement；macromanagement；Name and Reality

一、引言

中國的改革开放不仅伴随着竞争性市场经济的发育，公共权力部门也得到高度发展，由此引发了一场中国改革开放背景下“政府与市场”关系的讨论。西方学者或强调市场经济在转型时期的推动作用，或强调政府在其中的政治支持作用[1]；而中国学者更坚持中国改革是国家对社会的“分权让利”，或者说是国家对“社会”控制关系的松动过程[2]。……