布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶及其抑制剂研究进展
2020-08-18张鹏应陈璐陈海飞李群益施孝金
张鹏应 陈璐 陈海飞 李群益 施孝金


摘 要 布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(Brutons tyrosine kinase, BTK)是B细胞抗原受体信号通路的关键调节因子,在多种B细胞恶性肿瘤的发生、发展中起着重要作用。BTK抑制剂是一类新型抗肿瘤药物,现已有3个BTK抑制剂获得美国FDA批准。多项大型临床试验证实,BTK抑制剂对慢性淋巴细胞白血病和套细胞淋巴瘤的疗效良好。BTK抑制剂联合其他化疗药物治疗多种实体瘤的临床研究亦已取得一定进展。本文概要介绍BTK的结构、功能及其抑制剂的临床研究进展。
关键词 布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶 依鲁替尼 B细胞恶性肿瘤
中图分类号:R979.19; R730.53 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2020)15-0008-05
Advances in Brutons tyrosine kinase and its inhibitors*
ZHANG Pengying1**, CHEN Lu1, CHEN Haifei1, LI Qunyi1, 2, SHI Xiaojin1, 2***(1. Department of Pharmacy, Northern Division of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, China; 2. Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China)
ABSTRACT Brutons tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key molecule involved in multiple functions of B cells, and also plays an important role in the occurrence and development of various B cell malignancies. In the development of BTK inhibitors targeting BTK, there are currently three BTK inhibitors approved by the FDA for marketing. Several large-scale clinical trials have found that BTK inhibitors have excellent effects on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and mantle lymphoma. More progress has been also made in the trials around BTK inhibitor combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat multiple solid tumors. The structure, functions and inhibitors of BTK are reviewed in this article.
KEY WORDS Brutons tyrosine kinase; ibrutinib; B cell malignancies
布魯顿酪氨酸激酶(Brutons tyrosine kinase, BTK)在肿瘤发生、发展中起着关键作用,对白血病等各种B细胞恶性肿瘤细胞的生存至关重要。1952年,美国儿科医生Ogdon Bruton首次发现,BTK在一种遗传性免疫缺陷疾病X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症患者中表达异常,与患者反复出现细菌感染有关[1-2]。BTK的小分子抑制剂在临床试验中显示有优异的抗肿瘤活性[3-4],引起人们极大的关注。BTK抑制剂依鲁替尼(ibrutinib)可口服给药,其通过与BTK活性位点的半胱氨酸残基形成共价键产生抑酶作用,2016年被美国FDA批准用于慢性淋巴细胞白血病(chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CLL)和小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤(small lymphocytic lymphoma, SLL)的一线治疗。2017年,第2个BTK抑制剂阿卡替尼(acalabrutinib)在美国获得批准。2019年,由中国药企百济神州医药公司研发的赞布替尼(zanubrutinib)获得美国FDA批准,成为第3个上市的BTK抑制剂。2020年,小野制药公司研发的BTK抑制剂tirabrutinib在日本获得批准,用于治疗原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤。……
