治疗便秘型肠易激综合征新药替那帕诺
2020-08-18张德高柳涛杨忠英姜云达
张德高 柳涛 杨忠英 姜云达
摘 要 替那帕诺是Ardelyx公司研发的一种Na+/H+交换蛋白-3(NHE3)抑制剂。它通过抑制肠道NHE3减少肠道对钠离子的吸收,从而增加肠腔水分,软化粪便并缩短肠道转运时间。该药于2019年9月被美国FDA批准上市,用于治疗便秘型肠易激综合征。本文结合近年来国内外相关文献,概述临床试验中替那帕诺的作用机制、药物代谢动力学、临床疗效、安全性等。
关键词 替那帕诺 肠易激综合征 便秘
中图分类号:R975.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2020)15-0102-04
Tenapanor: a new drug for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation*
ZHANG Degao1**, LIU Tao2, YANG Zhongying1, JIANG Yunda1***
(1. Department of Pharmacy, Chongming Branch of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 202150, China; 2. Department of Gastroenterology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT Tenapanor is a novel potent inhibitor of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) developed by Ardelyx Company. By inhibiting NHE3 on the apical surface of the enterocytes, tenapanor reduces absorption of sodium from the small intestine and colon, resulting in an increase in water secretion into the intestinal lumen, which accelerates intestinal transit time and results in a softer stool consistency. It was approved by FDA in September 2019 for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). In this artical, we summarize its available information, including mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety.
KEY WORDS tenapanor; irritable bowel syndrome; constipation
肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome, IBS)是一种以腹痛或腹部不适伴排便习惯改变为特征而无器质性病变的常见功能性肠病。欧美国家成人患病率约为10%~20%,中国接近10%[1]。IBS中,便秘型肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome-constipation, IBS-C)约占1/3,IBS-C常有排便困难及粪便干结、量少、呈羊粪或细杆状且表面可附黏液等症状,其主要病理生理基础为胃肠道动力异常和肠道对刺激的感受性增强[2],现有药物对不少患者疗效不佳[3]。盐酸替那帕诺(tenapanor)是一个具有全新作用机制的IBS-C治疗药物,已于2019年9月获美国FDA批准上市,本文概述了临床试验中替那帕诺的作用机制、药动学、临床疗效、安全性等。
1 作用机制
替那帕诺是Na+/H+交换蛋白-3(sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3, NHE3)抑制剂,成人推荐剂量为50 mg/次,2次/d。口服后作用于肠道,通过抑制小肠和结肠上皮细胞顶端表面的NHE3,减少小肠和结肠钠吸收,从而导致进入肠腔的水分增加、大便变软和肠道转运时间缩短[4-6]。替那帕诺可降低或消除因束缚应激诱导的大鼠结直肠敏感性增强,IBS患者内脏敏感性增强是其腹痛等胃肠道症状的部分原因[7],替那帕诺可能通过降低患者内脏敏感性并改善排便功能从而缓解腹痛等症状。……
