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2005-2018年上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行特征及趋势分析

2020-08-10陈晓娇王海棠刘祖素杜兆辉

上海医药 2020年14期
关键词:趋势分析流行病学

陈晓娇 王海棠 刘祖素 杜兆辉

摘 要 目的:了解2005-2018年上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行特点及其趋势,为制定相应的社区防治措施提供依据。方法:收集2005年1月1日-2018年12月31日死亡登记报告的户籍居民死亡资料,通过根本死因编码分析死因构成和顺位,采用死亡率,年度变化百分比(APC)等指标对上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料进行分析。结果:2005-2018年上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率为304.94/10万,男性高于女性(360.73/10万比248.63/10万,P<0.001)。2005-2018年上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率呈上升趋势,其中45~64岁年龄段死亡率上升趋势显著(APC=3.19%,P=0.0066);肺癌(APC=1.58%,P=0.0258)、结直肠癌(APC=2.58%,P=0.0426)、胰腺癌(APC=5.84%,P<0.001)死亡率也逐年上升。結论:上海上钢社区居民恶性肿瘤死亡率较高,肺癌、结直肠癌和胰腺癌死亡率呈上升趋势,45~64岁居民恶性肿瘤死亡率上升趋势明显。提示在肿瘤防控上应结合社区医疗机构特点和优势,针对不同人群和不同癌种采取不同的干预措施,尤其是针对45~64岁年龄段居民的健康宣教和生活方式干预。

关键词 恶性肿瘤;死亡率;流行病学;趋势分析

中图分类号:R181 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2020)14-0047-04

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and trend of malignant tumor mortality in the residents in Shanggang Community of Shanghai from 2005 to 2018

CHEN Xiaojiao, WANG Haitang, LIU Zusu, DU Zhaohui(Department of Prevention and Health Care of Shanggang Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai 200126, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and trend of malignant tumor mortality in the residents in Shanggang Community of Shanghai from 2005 to 2018 for providing reference to development of corresponding community prevention and control measures. Methods: The death data of household registration residents from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2018 were collected, the cause of death and its sequence were analyzed by coding the basic cause of death, and the death data of malignant tumors of the residents in Shanggang Community, Shanghai were analyzed by mortality and annual percentage of change(APC). Results: The mortality rate of malignant tumors of the residents in Shanggang Community, Shanghai from 2005 to 2018 were 304.94/100 000, and the mortality of the male was higher than that of the female(360.73/100 000 vs. 248.63/100 000, P<0.001). From 2005 to 2018, the mortality rate of malignant tumors in Shanggang Community, Shanghai showed an upward trend, among them, the mortality rate of the 45-64 age group increased significantly(APC=3.19%, P=0.0066); mortality rates of lung cancer(APC=1.58%, P=0.0258), colorectal cancer(APC=2.58%, P=0.0426) and pancreatic cancer(APC=5.84%, P<0.001) also increased year by year. Conclusion: The malignant tumor mortality rate of the residents in Shanggang Community, Shanghai is high and the mortality rates of lung cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer show an upward tendency. The mortality rate of malignant tumors of the residents aged 45-64 years is increasing. It is suggested that the prevention and control of tumors should be combined with the characteristics and advantages of community medical institutions, and different intervention measures should be taken for different populations and different cancer types, especially the health education and lifestyle intervention for the residents aged 45-64.

KEY WORDS malignant tumor; mortality; epidemiology; trend analysis

近年来恶性肿瘤逐渐成为居民死亡主要原因之一。2015年中国《卫生统计年鉴》显示,恶性肿瘤位居中国死因排行榜第二位,仅次于心脑血管疾病[1]。恶性肿瘤严重影响居民健康,同时带来卫生经济成本和社会成本的增加,防控工作形势越来越严峻。本文旨在了解上海上钢社区居民的恶性肿瘤死亡情况以及流行趋势,为进一步做好肿瘤防治工作提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

以上海上钢社区户籍居民为研究对象,对2005年1月1日-2018年12月31日死亡登记报告的户籍居民死亡资料进行分析。死因資料来源于居民死亡数据库。监测体系以拥有法律效应的死亡证为基本资料,由卫生、公安等多个部门构成。人口学资料来源于上海上钢社区公安系统。

1.2 方法

死因分类根据2010年国际疾病分类第10版(ICD-10)统一编码,其中恶性肿瘤范围为C01-C97。以死亡率(1/10万)和年变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)(%)为主要分析指标,分年龄、性别以及年份描述恶性肿瘤死亡相关情况。……

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