孙圳 初蕊 卫家芬 徐雪明

摘 要 目的：分析社區患高血压的老年男性吸烟者的戒烟行为及其影响因素。方法：在上海嘉定区外冈镇按村居委采取分层抽样方法抽取的1 100例老年男性高血压患者，其中有吸烟者886例，年龄中位数为69岁。采用自行设计问卷调查男性吸烟高血压患者的戒烟行为、对吸烟的认知、以及健康状况等信息，分析吸烟者的戒烟行为及其影响因素。结果：在886例患高血压的老年男性吸烟者中有227例曾有过戒烟行为，戒烟行为率为25.62%，但其中56.82%发生复吸。在戒烟者中，有161例（70.93%）最主要戒烟动机为个人健康。家庭人均月收入较低（≤1 500元）、对自我健康评价为“一般”或“差”、对吸烟持“不好”或“无所谓”态度者的戒烟行为率较高，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。最常交往的5个同事或朋友中吸烟者人数在2人及以下的吸烟者，戒烟行为率相对较高（P<0.05）。年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、认为目前所患疾病是否和吸烟有关等因素与老年高血压吸烟者的戒烟行为无明显关联。结论：低收入、健康状况差、认为吸烟不好、交往的人中吸烟者较少可促进患高血压老年男性的戒烟行为。

关键词 高血压；老年；吸烟者；戒烟行为；相关因素

中图分类号：R544.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）14-0044-03

Analysis of smoking cessation behavior and related factors in elderly male smokers with hypertension

SUN Zhen， CHU Rui， WEI Jiafen， XU Xueming

（Medical Department of Waigang Community Health Service Center of Jiading District， Shanghai 201806， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the smoking cessation behavior and the influencing factors of elderly male smokers with hypertension in the community. Methods： In Waigang Community， Jiading District， Shanghai， a stratified sampling method was used to select 1 100 elderly male patients with hypertension， including 886 smokers， with a median age of 69 years. A selfdesigned questionnaire was used to investigate the smoking cessation behavior， smoking awareness， and health status of male smoking hypertensive patients， and to analyze the smoking cessation behavior and the influencing factors of smokers. Results： Among the 886 elderly male smokers with hypertension， 227 had ever quit smoking， and the rate of quitting smoking was 25.62%， but 56.82% of them relapsed. Among the quitters， there are 161 cases（70.93%） whose main motivation for quitting smoking was personal health. Households with low monthly income per capita（≤1 500 Yuan）， those who rated self-health as “general” or“poor”， and who had a “bad” or “indifferent” attitude toward smoking had higher rates of smoking cessation behavior， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Among the five colleagues or friends most frequently contacted， the number of smokers was two or less， the smokers had a relatively high rate of quitting smoking（P<0.05）. Age， marital status， education level， and whether the current disease was related to smoking or not had no significant correlation with smoking cessation behavior of elderly high blood pressure smokers. Conclusion： Low income， poor health status， thinking smoking bad， and fewer smokers in communication can promote their smoking cessation behavior of elderly male smokers with hypertension.

KEY WORDS hypertension； elderly people； smoker； smoking cessation behavior； related factor

高血压和吸烟同为心脑血管疾病的发病危险因素。已有研究表明，吸烟可增加心血管疾病的风险，也是脑卒中的重要危险因素[1]；也可增加老年高血压患者心血管事件的发生风险[2]。高血压患者在控制血压的同时积极戒烟可减少心脑血管疾病的发病风险。本研究旨在分析患高血压的老年男性吸烟者的戒烟行为和相关因素。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

本次调查以老年男性高血压患者中的吸烟人群为研究对象，纳入标准为：户籍在上海市嘉定区外冈镇；年龄为≥60周岁的男性；信息已纳入上海市高血压随访管理系统；累计吸烟>6个月或累积吸烟量≥100支者[3]。排……