顾君 张晓琼 邝海东 陆梅 邱琰

摘 要 目的：了解上海宜川社区内小学学生的近视情况，为更好的管理兒童视力提供依据。方法：对2019年上海宜川社区内7所小学的一至五年级的所有小学生进行视力检查，共有3 545名小学生参加检查，其中女生1 694人，男生1 851人；一年级838人，二年级750人，三年级668人，四年级632人，五年级657人。分析小学生的视力情况。结果：上海宜川社区内7所小学的学生近视率为59.10%，其中轻度近视检出率为15.49%，中度近视检出率为21.13%，重度近视检出率为22.48%。男生近视检出率57.00%，女生近视检出率61.39%，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。女生重度近视率高于男生，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。小学生的近视检出率随年级增加而呈上升趋势，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。一至五年级小学生近视程度比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。小学生左、右眼视力均随着年级的上升而减退（P<0.01），左、右眼球镜均随着年级的上升而减小（P<0.01）。结论：本社区内小学生近视患病率较高，女生近视率明显高于男生；随着年级的上升，近视发生率明显攀升，近视程度越来越重，必须高度重视。

关键词 近视；小学生；社区

中图分类号：R778.1+1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）14-0059-04

Analysis of the visual acuity of pupils in primary schools in Yichuan Community in Shanghai

GU Jun1， ZHANG Xiaoqiong2， KUANG Haidong2， LU Mei3， QIU Yan1

（1.Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Yichuan Community Health Service Center， Shanghai 200065， China； 2.Medical Department of Yichuan Community Health Service Center， Shanghai 200065， China； 3.Nursing Department of Yichuan Community Health Service Center， Shanghai 200065， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the myopia of pupils in primary schools in Yichuan Community so as to provide some basis for better management of childrens eyesight. Methods： All pupils in primary schools from grade 1 to grade 5 in 7 primary schools under the jurisdiction of Yichuan Community in 2019 were selected for visual acuity examination， and a total of 3 545 pupils participated in the examination， including 1 694 girls and 1 851 boys； there were 838 first graders， 750 second graders， 668 third graders， 632 fourth graders， and 657 fifth graders. The pupils vision was analyzed. Results： The myopia rate of 7 primary schools in Yichuan Community， Shanghai was 59.10%， among which the detection rate of mild myopia was 15.49%， the detection rate of moderate myopia was 21.13%， and the detection rate of severe myopia was 22.48%. The detection rate of myopia was 57.00% in boys and 61.39% in girls， and the difference was statistically significant（P <0.01）. The rate of severe myopia in girls was higher than that in boys， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The myopia detection rate of pupils showed an upward trend with the increase of grades， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The degree of myopia of pupils from grade 1 to grade 5 was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The visual acuity of the pupils left and right eyes decreased with the increase of grades（P<0.01）， and both the left and right ophthalmoscopes decreased as the grade increased（P<0.01）. Conclusion： The prevalence of myopia among pupils in this community is high， and the rate of myopia in girls is significantly higher than that in boys； with the rise of grades， the incidence of myopia has increased significantly， and the degree of myopia is getting heavier and heavier， and the great importance must be attached to it.

KEY WORDS myopia； pupil； community

近年來，以儿童近视为主的用眼健康问题受到社会的广泛关注。世界卫生组织在“2020行动纲要”中将近视眼列为威胁视力的5种主要疾病之一[1]。2017年的调查显示，我国有44.9%的小学生和73.4%的初中生存在视力不良，高中生的视力不良率更是高达81.2%[2]。国内外研究显示，包括中国在内的东亚国家视力不良的患病率较高，视力问题存在着国家和地区的差异性[3-6]。儿童和青少年正值身体生长发育的关键时期，更是视力发育的重要阶段。早期发现，及时干预对保障儿童青少年的视力有着极为重要的作用[7]。本研究旨在分析上海宜川社区7所小学学生的近视情况，为社区的儿童视力管理提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

选择2019年上海宜川社区内7所小学一至五年级的所有小学生为研究对象（2018年9月入学），共计有小学生3 545人，其中女生1 694人，男生1 851人；……