仇晋萍

[摘要] 目的 探討在对小儿肺炎支原体感染进行诊断时使用快速血清学检验和微生物快速培养检测的效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月—2018年12月该院收治的384例小儿肺炎患者，对患儿进行数字法随机抽取，各抽取192例，设为研究和对照两组，用快速血清学检验的为研究组，用生物快速培养检测的为对照组，分析两组的诊断准确率，不同年龄、病程阳性检出率。结果 研究组诊断准确率96.88%比对照组高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.596，P<0.05），研究组8～15 d阳性检出率比对照组高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），6～8岁阳性检出率比对照组高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），1～7 d阳性检出率与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），0～5岁阳性检出率与对照组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 快速血清学检验法的诊断准确率较高，尤其对于5岁以上和病程大于7 d的患儿检出率较高，因此快速血清学检验法具有临床诊断的价值。而且临床须根据实际情况，选择合适的检测方法，5岁以下和病程小于7 d的患儿两种方法均可使用，对于5岁以上和病程大于7 d的患儿建议使用快速血清学检验法。

[关键词] 快速血清学检验法;小儿肺炎支原体感染;微生物快速培养检测;诊断;诊断准确率

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of using rapid serological tests and rapid microbial culture tests in the diagnosis of pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methods A retrospective analysis of 384 pediatric patients with pneumonia admitted in the hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 was performed. The children were randomly selected digitally， and 192 patients were each selected as the study and control groups. The test group is the research group， and the rapid biological test is the control group. The diagnostic accuracy of the two groups is analyzed， and the positive detection rate of different ages and disease courses is analyzed. Results The diagnostic accuracy rate of the study group was 96.88% higher than that of the control group，the difference was statistically significant（χ2=5.596，P<0.05）. The positive detection rate of the study group at 8-15 d was higher than that of the control group （P<0.05）. The positive detection rate of 6-8 years old was compared with the control group，the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）， the positive detection rate at 1-7 d was not different from the control group （P>0.05）， and the positive detection rate at 0-5 years was not different from the control group （P>0.05）. Conclusion The diagnostic accuracy of rapid serological test is high， especially for children over 5 years of age and disease duration greater than 7 d. Therefore， rapid serological test has clinical diagnostic value. In addition， the clinical method must be based on the actual situation and select an appropriate test method. Both methods can be used for children under 5 years of age and less than 7 d of disease. For children over 5 years of age and more than 7 d of disease， a rapid serological test is recommended.

[Key words] Rapid serological test; Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children; Rapid microbial culture detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic accuracy

由于环境污染、细菌感染等原因，近来来肺炎的发病率越来越高，在成人和儿童中均较为常见。肺炎主要由细菌、病毒、支原体感染等引起的，其中支原体肺炎在小儿中较为常见[1]。支原体肺炎主要是由肺部支原体感染引起的肺部疾病，多发于小儿，并且秋冬季节最为常见，并且病情的周期长，容易引起其它并发症，严重会引起器官衰竭和病死[2]。因此早发现、早治疗是小儿肺炎的宗旨。早发现就要求了诊断的准确性，临床对于肺炎主要使用影像学检测，对于肺炎类型感染原因多使用快速血清学检验和微生物快速培养检测[3]。该研……