广少奎 高群

摘 要：一般来说，传统的文庙布局均衡且寓意深刻，主要由棂星门、大成门、东西庑、大成殿、崇圣祠、明伦堂、尊经阁、泮池与泮桥、乡贤祠与名宦祠等基本建筑构成。这些建筑发挥着重要的祭祀、教育和褒奖功能。正是由于这三大功能的支撑，文庙才得以延续至今。在当代社会，文庙要想重振辉煌，实现复兴，就必须行之有效地继承这些功能。除此之外，要想文庙复兴得更加全面，还应从以下方面进行：对文庙自身来说，要改善其外观，增添其内容;就当地学生而言，应使其成为继续教育的基地;从整个学校来看，应发挥褒奖的功能;对社会成人而言，应作为文化活动的场所。

关键词：文庙;建筑规制;功能定位;复兴之思

中图分类号：G40-032 文献标识码：A 文章编號：1674-7615（2020）04-0009-06

DOI：10.15958/j.cnki.jywhlt.2020.04.002

Abstract：Generally speaking， the layout of traditional Confucian temple is balanced and with profound meaning， mainly constituted by basic buildings namely， Lingxing Gate， Dacheng Gate， Dongxi Wu， Dacheng Hall， Chongsheng Temple， Minglun Hall， Zunjing Mansion， Pan Pool and Pan Bridge， Xiangxian Temple.These buildings play an important role in sacrifice， education and reward. It is because of the support of these three functions that enables the Confucian Temple to last long till now. In contemporary society， it is necessary to effectively inherit these functions in order to revitalize the Confucian Temple to present its glory again. In addition， for a more comprehensive revitalization of the Confucian Temple， it is of necessity to proceed from the following aspects： for the temple itself， it is necessary to improve its appearance and add its content; for local students， the temple should be made a base for continuing education; for the whole school， the temple should execute the function of rewarding; and finally， for social adults， the temple should act as a place for cultural activities.

Key words：Confucian Temple; architectural regulation; functional positioning; renaissance

作为具有传统文化特色的古老建筑，文庙对于士子的学习、百姓的生活、官员的品行、社会的风气乃至国家的统治等各个方面都有重要的作用。这些作用主要通过文庙中进行的各种活动体现出来。具体而言，祭祀活动能够使士子在祭拜过程中耳濡目染地接受熏陶，进而激发他们的进取之心，促使他们追踵前贤，并将死后享祀文庙当作人生的追求。对于他们来说，祭祀既是一种无形的精神信仰，也是一种有形的象征符号。首先，文庙祭祀能够使士人耳濡目染成圣希贤的荣耀，对他们的道德信仰有显著的塑造作用。士子入其庙，登其堂，祭拜至圣先师;观其貌，诵其言，俨然若见圣人;进而就其学，习其礼，明其乐，思其道，以求与圣人齐。……