大学生心理危机特点及预防策略
2020-08-06栗文敏
栗文敏


摘 要:目的 从危机意识、危机源、危机表现及应对方式这些方面了解当代大学生的心理危机特点,为大学生心理危机的预防提供数据支持。方法 采用自编的《大学生心理危机问卷》,通过分层随机抽样的方法抽取山西省500名大学生进行调查,收回有效问卷484份,并对其心理危机各方面的特点进行定量分析。结果 大学生中大部分个体具有一定的危机意识,并会选择相对积极的应对方式。从心理危机的外在表现来看,不同性别、年级、专业的大学生之间的差异较大,是否独生子女、不同生源地及家长文化程度之间的差异中等。结论 根据研究结果提出有效预防策略,为大学生心理危机预警工作提供理论指导。
关键词:大学生;心理危机;现状调查;对策
中图分类号:G641 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2020)22-0188-03
Abstract: Objective is tounderstand the characteristics of contemporary college students' psychological crisis from the aspects of crisis awareness, crisis source, crisis expression and coping style, in order to provide data support for the establishment of college students' psychological warning mechanism. Method is that with the self-compiled questionnaire on the psychological crisis among college students, 500 college students in Shanxi Province were selected by stratified random sampling method for investigation, 484 valid questionnaires were collected, and the characteristics of various aspects of psychological crisis were quantitatively analyzed. Results are that most students have a certain sense of crisis, and will choose a relatively positive response. In terms of the manifestation of psychological crisis, gender, grade and major category have a great influence on the psychological crisis, whether the only child is born or not, different places of origin and parents' education level have a medium influence. Conclusion is that according to the results, effective countermeasures were put forward to provide theoretical guidance for college students to prevent psychological crisis.
Keywords: college students; psychological crisis; present situation investigation; countermeasure
近年来,在高校中时有发生的各种心理危机事件,特别是像自杀、伤人等这些极端事件,给家庭、学校和社会都带来了重大损失和严重影响。而这些危机事件在发生之前往往都有一定的征兆,若能及时发现,并做一定预防及干预工作,可从很大程度上提高大学生的心理素质,促进其心理健康。
一、对象与方法
通过分层随机抽样的方法在山西省三所高校抽取500名学生进行心理危机现状的调查,收回有效问卷484份。样本具体分布情况如下:男生233人,女生251人;大一184人,大二100人,大三100人,大四100人。
调查工具是自编的《大学生心理危机现状调查问卷》,该问卷由两大部……
