邓玉娣 孙宝丽 廖文镇

摘 要：能力本位是社会对高等教育的本质要求。为了提升本科实验教学的创新性和实践性、提高学生发现—分析—解决问题的综合能力，以适应社会需求，将能力本位理念浸入到本科实验教学中是目前大学进行教学改革的重要思路之一。该文介绍了能力本位的发展，并以农林院校动物科学专业必修课——动物营养学实验教学为例，探讨了动物营养学实验课中融入能力本位理念的必要性，将能力本位理念运用到动物营养学的实验内容选择、教学方法、成绩评价体系等具体环节中，以期培养高素质的综合应用型农业人才。

关键词：能力本位;动物营养学;实验教学;改革与实践

中图分类号  G642.0文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2020）09-0153-04

Reform and Practice of Experiment Teaching in Animal Nutrition in View of Competency-based Concept

Deng Yudi1 et al.

（1School of Public Health， Southern Medical University， Guangzhou 510515， China）

Abstract： Competency-based concept is the essential requirement of society for higher education. In order to enhance the innovative and practical of experiments in undergraduate teaching and enhance the comprehensive skills on finding - analysing-solving problem to meet the needs of society， immersing the competency-based concept into the comprehensive undergraduate experimental teaching is one of the important ideas for the current university reform of teaching. It mainly introduced the development of competency-based concept， and took experimental teaching of animal nutrition （the compulsory course of animal science major in agricultural and forestry colleges） as an example to discuss the necessity of incorporating the competency-based idea into the experimental course of animal nutrition. After that the competency-based concept was applied to specific aspects of animal nutrition science on selection of experiment content， teaching methods， performance evaluation system， etc.， with a view to training high-quality comprehensive application-oriented agricultural talents.

Key words： Competency-based Concept; Animal Nnutrition; Experimental Teaching; Reform and Practice

20世纪70—80年代，就已提出了能力本位的概念。20世纪90年代起，此教育模式在全球范围内逐渐被许多国家接受。概括而言，能力本位就是基于表现和标准且与现实工作场所实践相联系的职业教育与培训[1]。有学者将能力本位更详细地解释为“以职业需要为开发能力的起点，以能力的达成为目标，强调学习的结果以获得能力为主而非仅获得知识，提倡学习结果的行为目标化和可测量化”[2]。由此可知，其主要特点是以能力为重点，以学生为主体，教师为主导，“教”与“学”是双向的过程[3]。能力本位在我国的研究最早可追溯到1996年，姜大源[4]对能力本位的现代教育教学思想包括现代教育应使受教育者具备跨岗位的能力、跨职业的能力、不断开发自己潜力及适应劳动力市场变化的能力等4个方面进行了详细的阐述，揭示了能力本位在高等教育中的重要作用。……