二维及三维实时剪切波弹性成像在乳腺肿块评估中的应用
2020-07-17王羽翎孙佳威周显礼
王羽翎 孙佳威 周显礼
摘要:超声弹性成像是通过对组织施加压力从而获得组织硬度信息的一种成像方式。实时剪切波弹性成像(SWE)作为一种新型的超声弹性成像技术,能够实时、定性、定量地获取组织的弹性信息,具有高度的可重复性,它不仅能够根据乳腺肿块硬度对其良恶性进行鉴别,还可以对恶性乳腺肿块的病理分型、新辅助化疗的疗效、淋巴结状态及病理范围进行评估。二维(2D)SWE在评估乳腺肿块性质及预后时发挥重要作用,三维(3D)SWE在乳腺疾病的确诊中展现了良好的诊断性能。本文主要从2D及3D SWE技术评估乳腺肿块性质及预后方面进行综述,旨在为其广泛应用于临床提供更多理论依据。
关键词:超声;剪切波弹性成像;乳腺肿块;淋巴结;新辅助化疗;免疫组化
中图分类号:R445.1;R737.9 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.11.014
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)11-0042-04
Abstract:Ultrasound elastography is an imaging method that obtains tissue hardness information by applying pressure to the tissue. Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), as a new type of ultrasonic elastography technology, can obtain tissue elasticity information in real time, qualitatively and quantitatively, and has a high degree of repeatability. For identification, the pathological classification of malignant breast masses, the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, lymph node status and pathological extent can also be evaluated. Two-dimensional (2D) SWE plays an important role in assessing the nature and prognosis of breast masses. Three-dimensional (3D) SWE has demonstrated good diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of breast diseases. This article mainly reviews the nature and prognosis of breast masses with 2D and 3D SWE techniques, and aims to provide more theoretical basis for its wide application in clinic.
Key words:Ultrasound;Shear wave elastography;Breast masses;Lymph nodes;Neoadjuvant chemotherapy;Immunohistochemistry
目前,乳腺肿块已经成为影响女性生活质量、威胁女性健康的常见疾病,乳腺癌作为女性常见的恶性肿瘤之一,占全部恶性肿瘤的20%以上[1]。早期乳腺癌的治愈率高达90%,而进展期乳腺癌仅有40%,因此尽早诊断乳腺肿块的良恶性质,同时对恶性乳腺肿块的病理分型、病理范围、淋巴结状态及疗效进行预测,个体化地提供最合适的治疗方案,对改善患者的预后具有重要意义。常规超声作为乳腺肿块筛查的首选检查方式,是一种低成本且无创、无辐射的成像方法,优于钼靶、计算机断层扫描(CT)及磁共振成像(MRI),同时具有高敏感性、高分辨率的優势,但特异性较低[2],仅能评估肿块的形态学特征,而超声弹性成像技术则可以评估乳腺肿块硬度信息,提高诊断性能。……
