吴菊花 蔺海旗 林文弢

摘 要：电子产品频繁使用，不良生活方式增多，导致近视发生率愈发攀升，而近视儿童青少年已成为近视人群重要组成部分之一，由此引起诸多学者对近视儿童青少年的关注。本文梳理分析了儿童青少年近视发生机制、影响因素及潜在运动风险，即眼的调节功能不足、周边视网膜远视性离焦、形觉剥夺等导致近视发生，而遗传、环境、营养等因素影响近视发生发展，由此可能会导致运动风险发生;除此之外，还对运动干预儿童青少年近视发生发展的相关研究进行梳理分析，发现户外运动干预、球类运动干预、其他运动干预，例如跑步、太极拳、柔道等，均对儿童青少年近视发生发展具有良好改善作用，然而其他运动项目类型是否对儿童青少年近视存在改善作用、运动时间是否对儿童青少年近视改善存在阈值效应等仍处于未知状态;此外，学者们的研究多为描述性研究，实验性研究较少，并未深入至机制探讨，这仍需学者们继续探究。

关键词：儿童青少年;近视;运动干预

中图分类号：G804

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2020）03-0009-05

Abstract：The frequent use of electronic products and the increase in unhealthy lifestyles have led to an increasing incidence of myopia， and children and teenagers with myopia have become one of the important components of the myopia population， thus attracting the attention of many scholars to children and adolescents with myopia. The paper analyzed the mechanism， influencing factors and potential movement risk of myopia in children and adolescents， that is， myopia is caused by insufficient eye regulation function， peripheral retinal hyperopia defocusing， and shape deprivation， while genetic， environmental and nutritional factors affect the development of myopia， which may lead to exercise risk; In addition， the related researches of exercise intervention on the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents were sorted out and analyzed， and it was found that outdoor sports intervention， ball sports intervention， other sports intervention， such as running， tai chi， judo， etc. all had a good effect on the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents. However， it is still unknown whether other types of exercise can improve the myopia of children and adolescents， and whether exercise time has a threshold effect on the improvement of myopia of children and adolescents. In addition， the researches of scholars are mostly descriptive， but the experimental researches are few， so the mechanism discussion is not in-depth， which still needs to be further explored by scholars.

Key words：Children and adolescents; Myopia; Exercise intervention

近視患病率逐年上升，随着近视人群增多，近视问题已成为一个重要的公共健康问题，已被世卫组织列为亟需解决的公共健康问题之一[1]。数据表明：儿童青少年已成为近视人群的高发地带，在亚洲部分地区，儿童青少年近视发生率高达约36.7%，其趋势呈现低龄化状态，高度近视数量增加[2-3]。2018年，教育部发布了我国第一份《中国义务教育质量监测报告》，该份报告数据显示：儿童青少年的近视人数数量巨大，小学四年的视力不良率达到36.5%，而中学八年级的则达到65%，几近两倍[4]。……