贺明 朱惠仙 蔡燕 严妍

摘 要 目的：通過对上海市徐家汇社区老年糖尿病患者居家照护者焦虑抑郁的发生情况进行调查，为医护人员开展针对性干预提供依据。方法：于2018年9月—2019年11月采取随机抽样方法选取到上海市徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心就诊的252例老年糖尿病患者主要居家照护者为调查对象，采用人口学资料调查表、躯体化症状测评量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表和广泛性焦虑自评量表对照护者进行调查分析。结果：照护者躯体化症状测评量表得分≥30分的有150名（59.52%）；性别、年龄、教育程度、家庭月收入、高血压病史、糖尿病病史、心脏病病史及既往心理疾病诊断史等因素对照护者心理情绪的影响均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。照护者健康问卷抑郁量表得分≤4分的有211名（83.73%）；心脏病病史与既往心理疾病诊断史对照护者抑郁症状的影响有统计学意义（P<0.05）。照护者广泛性焦虑自评量表得分≤4分的有224名（88.89%）。患者健康问卷抑郁量表得分≤4分的211名照护者中，21名躯体化症状测评量表结果显示有中度心理情绪问题；广泛性焦虑自评量表得分≤4分的224名照护者中，24名躯体化症状测评量表结果显示有中度心理情绪问题。结论：虽然多数照护者没有表现出明显的抑郁或焦虑症状，但是仍然存在心理情绪等方面的问题。医护人员应通过针对性地健康宣教和健康干预，对照护者进行心理疏导，从而降低照护者发生抑郁或焦虑的风险。

关键词 糖尿病；照护者；心理健康

中图分类号：R587.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）10-0011-04

Survey of the psychological health status of home caregivers for elderly diabetic patients in Xujiahui Community in Shanghai

HE Ming1， ZHU Huixian1， CAI Yan2， YAN Yan1

（1. Medical Department of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District， Shanghai 200030， China； 2. Nursing Department of Xujiahui Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District， Shanghai 200030， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the occurrence of anxiety and depression of home caregivers for elderly diabetic patients in Xujiahui Community in Shanghai in order to provide basis for the medical staff to carry out targeted intervention. Methods： From September 2018 to November 2019， a random sampling method was used to select 252 home caregivers for elderly patients with diabetes who visited Xujiahui Community Health Service Center in Shanghai as the survey objects， and demographic data questionnaire， somatic self-rating scale（SSS）， patient health questionnaire（PHQ-9） and generalized anxiety disorder（GAD-7） were used to investigate and analyze the caregivers. Results： On SSS， there were 150 caregivers（59.52%） whose scores were≥30； the differences of the gender， age， education level， family monthly income， hypertension history， diabetes history， heart disease history and previous history of mental illness diagnosis all were statistically significant（P<0.05）. On PHQ-9， there were 211 caregivers（83.73%） whose scores were≤4； the differences of the heart disease history and previous history of mental illness diagnosis all were statistically significant（P<0.05）. On GAD-7， there were 224 caregivers（88.89%） whose scores were≤4. Among the 211 caregivers whose scores were≤4 on PHQ-9， 21 caregivers showed moderate psychological and emotional problems； among the 224 caregivers whose scores were≤4 on GAD-7， 24 caregivers showed moderate psychological and emotional problems. Conclusion： Although the majority of caregivers do not show significant symptoms of depression or anxiety， there are still psychological and emotional problems. Health care workers should carry out targeted health education and health intervention to reduce the risk of psychological depression and anxiety of caregivers.

KEY WORDS diabetes mellitus； family caregiver； psychological health

糖尿病是我国患病率最高的慢性病之一，随着经济发展和人口老龄化进程的加快，老年人的糖尿病发病率逐年上升[1-2]。随着社区老年糖尿病患者人数的持续增加，其居家照护者的数量也随之增加。长期、持续的照护极易导致居家照护者出现焦虑和抑郁情绪，严重影响其心理和精神健康[3]。本研究通过对上海市徐家汇社区老年糖尿病患者居家照护者焦虑抑郁的发生情况进行调查，为医护人员开展针对性干预提供依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

于2018年9月—2019年11月采取随机抽样方法选取到上海市徐家汇街道社区卫生服务中心就诊的252例老年糖尿病患者主要居家照护者进行问卷调查。……