王燕

摘 要 目的：了解上海黃渡社区托幼机构儿童常见病患病情况，为预防学龄前儿童常见疾病，指导托幼机构开展卫生保健工作提供理论依据。方法：收集2018年上海黄渡社区托幼机构儿童健康体检数据进行分析。其中公办幼儿园2所，民办幼儿园7所。参加体检儿童总数为2 568人，其中男童1 507人，女童1 061人；公办幼儿园体检儿童数为635人，民办幼儿园体检儿童数为1 933人。分析儿童的龋齿、肥胖、营养不良和贫血患病情况。结果：在本次检查的儿童中，龋齿的检出率为27.45%，肥胖的检出率为8.18%，营养不良的检出率为2.22%，贫血的检出率为0.58%。男童龋齿的患病率高于女童，肥胖和营养不良的患病率低于女童，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。不同年龄段儿童龋齿检出率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。民办幼儿园儿童的龋齿和营养不良患病率高于公办幼儿园，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：上海黄渡社区托幼机构儿童常见病主要以龋齿、肥胖为主，加强托幼机构儿童常见病的干预工作应成为今后托幼机构儿童保健工作的重点。

关键词 常见病；儿童；托幼机构；健康体检

中图分类号：R175 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2020）10-0060-03

Analysis of the status of common diseases in children in child care institutions in a community of Shanghai in 2018

WANG Yan（Prevention and Health Care Department of Huangdu Community Health Service Center of Anting Town of Jiading District， Shanghai 201804， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To understand the prevalence of common diseases of children in child care institutions in Huangdu Community of Shanghai to provide some theoretical basis for preventing common diseases in preschool children and guiding the health care of children in child care institutions. Methods： Data of physical examination of children in child care institutions in Huangdu Community， Shanghai in 2018 were collected and analyzed. There were 2 public kindergartens and 7 private kindergartens. The total number of children participating in the physical examination was 2 568， of whom 1 507 were boys and 1 061 were girls； there were 635 physical examination children in public kindergartens and 1 933 in private kindergartens. The prevalence of dental caries， obesity， malnutrition and anemia in children were analyzed. Results： Among the children examined this time， the detection rate of caries was 27.45%， the detection rate of obesity was 8.18%， the detection rate of malnutrition was 2.22%， and the detection rate of anemia was 0.58%. The prevalence of caries in boys was higher than that in girls， and the prevalence of obesity and malnutrition in boys was lower than that in girls（P<0.05）， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. There was significant difference in caries detection rate among children of different ages（P<0.05）. The prevalence of dental caries and malnutrition in children of private kindergartens was higher than that of public kindergartens， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion： The common diseases of children in child care institutions in Huangdu Community， Shanghai are mainly caries and obesity. Strengthening the intervention of childrens common diseases in child care institutions should be the focus of childrens health care in the future.

KEY WORDS common disease； children； child-care institution； health examination

儿童是国家的未来和希望，其健康水平也是衡量我国经济水平和居民健康水平的一个重要依据。学龄前儿童正处于生长发育阶段，组织器官功能还不完善，更易发生各种疾病[1-2]。黄渡社区位于上海市嘉定区，隶属上海市的郊区范畴，外来人口的比例相对较高，流动性也较大。本文旨在了解黄渡社区托幼机构儿童常见病的患病情况，对社区儿童保健工作提供参考依据。

1 资料和方法

1.1 资料来源

数据来源于2018年上海嘉定区安亭镇黄渡社区卫生服务中心对辖区内托幼机构儿童进行健康体检的结果。其中公办幼儿园2所，民办幼儿园7所。参加体检总人数为2 568人，其中男童1 507人，女童1 061人，公办幼儿园635人，民办幼儿园1 933人。……