李洋 李晓伟 王曙文 王丽 任孝慈 李玉发 何中国 王佰众

摘要 选择吉林省向日葵主产区，采用实地走访的方式，通过询问当地农技人员、收购商、种植户及大型企业，了解向日葵的生产面积、生产成本、种植心理和经济效益等信息。分析出吉林省向日葵产业存在的问题，主要为菌核病严重，种植面积极具缩减，缺乏真正优质、抗菌核病的向日葵新品种，不合理的轮作制度，导致迎茬、重茬现象严重，致使病、虫、草害高发，种子市场不成熟，私繁滥制严重，企业利润微薄，加工企业不健全，影响产业的健康发展。在此基础上提出了相应的对策，即集中优势资源，选育优质、抗菌核病的新品种，制定不同作物的科学轮作体系，谋划合理的种植布局，维护可持续发展的生态环境，创立地方特色品牌，提高向日葵的商业价值和经济效益，促进吉林省特色农业发展。

关键词 吉林省，向日葵，产业，调研

中图分类号 S-9文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）06-0256-02

Abstract Selecting the main sunflower producing area of Jilin Province， according to the industrial layout and uses local field visits to inquire about local agricultural technicians， purchasers， growers and large enterprises， information on sunflower production area， production cost， planting psychology and economic benefits. The problems existing in the sunflower industry in Jilin Province were analyzed， mainly due to serious sclerotinia disease， and the planting acreage was actively reduced，there was no new sunflower variety with high quality and resistance to sclerotinia disease，the unreasonable rotation system caused serious phenomenon of diseases， insects， and grass damage are high，the seed market is immature， private and indiscriminate is serious， corporate profits are meager and processing enterprises are not perfect， affecting the healthy development of the industry. It is recommended to concentrate on superior resources， select new varieties of highquality， antibacterial nuclear disease，formulate scientific rotation system for different crops， plan a reasonable planting layout， maintain a sustainable ecological environment，create local specialty brands， enhance the commercial value and economy of sunflowers benefits and promote the development of characteristic agriculture in Jilin Province.

Key words Jilin Province，Sunflower，Industry，Research

世界上種植向日葵的国家有40多个，年种植面积约2 000万 hm2，葵花籽生产量为2 000～2 300万t。单产1.2～1.4 t/hm2。近年来我国向日葵种植面积逐年提升，目前年均种植面积在110万hm2以上，居世界第5位，葵花籽总产量150万t，单产约在1.3 t/hm2。从向日葵生产区域布局看，东三省、华北、西北半干旱、干旱或轻中度盐碱地区仍是目前我国向日葵主产区，而吉林省自2013年至今，全省向日葵种植面积由11.1万hm2下降至7.8万hm2，下降297%，单产由1.4 t/hm2下降至0.8 t/hm2，下降42.8%[1-4]。

2018年12月14日至17日，为了深入地了解吉林省西部地区向日……