李晓旭 张晔

摘要 依据对Z县的实地调研结果，采用问卷分析法和实证分析法，对Z县扶贫小额信贷实施现状和监管困境进行分析。结果表明：自2016年扶贫小额信贷政策在Z县实施以来，受惠贫困户不断增多，为推动产业扶贫、带动贫困户脱贫致富起到了重要作用。至2019年，Z县扶贫小额信贷进入收尾阶段。通过实地走访，对贫困户、扶贫小额信贷相关负责部门和农信社的调查和访谈发现，针对建档立卡贫困户扶贫小额信贷实施状况的5级联合监督机制难以切实有效落实，部分贫困户存在无法按期还款以及还款后存在返贫风险的现象。在Z县开展了为期7 d的调查，实地访问相关负责部门和走访530户贫困户，得到530份有效问卷。根据问卷数据的分析结果显示，Z县扶贫小额信贷在实施过程中存在着监管不力、还款困难等情况，需要采取相应的措施去解决问题，以保证扶贫小额信贷的顺利实施和完成。

关键词 自主择业，产业扶贫：联合监管，逾期风险：返贫风险

中图分类号 S-9文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）06-0235-03

Abstract Based on the field research results of Z County，questionnaire analysis and empirical analysis were used to analyze the implementation status and regulatory difficulties of poverty alleviation microfinance in Z County.The results showed that since the implementation of poverty alleviation microcredit policy in Z County in 2016，more and more poor households have benefited from it which plays an important role in promoting poverty alleviation by industry and helping poor households get rid of poverty and get rich.By 2019，the poverty alleviation microfinance in Z County has entered the final stage.Based on the field visits， responsible for the poor，poverty alleviation and microfinance relevant departments and the survey and the interview found that the cooperatives for inputting tent card five poor microfinance for poverty alleviation of joint can not effective to carry out the supervision mechanism，some poor households are unable to repay on time and there is a risk of returning to poverty after repayment.A weeklong survey was conducted in Z County with field visits to responsible departments and 530 poor households，resulting in 530 valid questionnaires.According to the analysis results of the questionnaire data，the implementation of poverty alleviation microcredit in Z County has some problems，such as weak supervision and difficulty in repayment and appropriate measures should be taken to solve these problems so as to ensure the smooth implementation and completion of poverty alleviation microcredit.

Key words Independent choice of employment，Industrial poverty alleviation，Joint supervision，Overdue risk，Return to poverty risk

扶貧小额信贷是专门为建档立卡贫困户获得发展资金而量身定制的扶贫贷款产品，主要是为贫困户提供5万元以下、3年以内、免担保免抵押、基准利率放贷、财政贴息、县级建立风险补偿金的信用贷款[1]。新疆自2016年实施以来，已为全疆13.58万户贫困户，发放扶贫小额信用贷款44.4亿元，对于带动贫困户脱贫致富起到了重要作用。扶贫小额信贷在脱贫攻坚总工程中占据着重要的地位，有利于增强贫困户自身脱贫内动力，实现以勤脱贫、产业致富。……