何源 齐浩 阿力米热·库来西 张博 迪丽妮尕·艾斯卡尔 潘乐

摘要 [目的]研究意大利苍耳提取物抗植物病原真菌活性，为植物资源的利用及植物源农药的开发提供研究基础。[方法]以意大利苍耳（Xanthium italicum Moretti）全草为原料，经90%乙醇超声辅助提取后，分别用不同溶剂进行萃取得到石油醚相、氯仿相和乙酸乙酯相。采用菌丝生长速率法研究各相对灰葡萄孢（Botrytis cinerea）、茄交链孢（Alternaria solani）、尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium Oxysporum）、链格孢（Alternaria alternata）等植物病菌的抑菌活性。[结果]3种萃取相对4种植物病原真菌均具有显著抑制且呈浓度依赖性，其中氯仿萃取相对4种植物病原真菌抑制效果最好，当浓度为800 μg/mL时抑制率均达50%以上。对灰葡萄、孢链格孢、尖孢镰刀菌和茄交链孢的EC50 分别为788.36、566.93 、496.48 、339.39 μg/mL。[结论]意大利苍耳萃取相中，氯仿相对供试真菌抑制作用显著，活性成分主要集中在中低极性部位。该研究为从意大利苍耳次生代谢物中发掘活性先导化合物和植物源农药的创制提供了理论依据。

关键词 意大利苍耳提取物，抗真菌活性，抑制作用

中图分类号 S482.2+92文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）06-0119-03

Abstract [Objective]To  research activity of extracts of Xanthium italicum Moretti against plant pathogenic fungi，and provide  research basis for the utilization of plant resources and the development of plantderived pesticides.[Method]Xanthium italicum Moretti was used as the raw material，and after ultrasonic extraction with 90% ethanol，the extract was extracted with different solvents to obtain petroleum ether phase，chloroform phase and ethyl acetate phase.The antibacterial activity of each plant pathogen such as Botrytis cinerea，Alternaria solani，Fusarium Oxysporum，and Alternaria alternata was studied by mycelial growth rate method.[Result]Three extracts exhibited antifungal activity against four plant pathogenic fungi with concentrationdependent inhibition.Among them，chloroform extract showed the strongest inhibition against the four plant pathogenic fungi at the concentration of 800 μg/mL.When the EC50 values on Botrytis cinerea，Alternaria solani，Fusarium Oxysporum Alternaria alternata were 788.36，566.93 496.48 and 339.39 μg/mL.[Conclusion]The extract of Xanthium italicum，chloroform has a significant inhibitory effect on the tested fungi，and the active ingredients are mainly concentrated in the middle and low polarity parts.This study provides a basis for the discovery of active lead compounds and plantderived pesticides from the secondary metabolites of Xanthium italicum.

Key words Xanthium italicum Moretti wholegrass extract，Antifungal activity，Inhibition effect

意大利蒼耳（Xanthium italicum Moretti）为菊科苍耳属（Xanthium L）一年生草本植物[1-2]。1991年9月在北京市昌平区首次报道，成为我国主要的入侵植物之一[3]。近年来，意大利苍耳在新疆地区快速繁殖蔓延，成为该地区主要入侵植物。该种传播速度快、散布范围广、长势猛、体型大，幼苗有毒，牛、羊等牲畜不食，对当地的农业和畜牧业造成了严重危害，但由于其生物量巨大、植物资源丰富，且表现出很强的化感作用，表现出显著的杀虫、抑菌作用[4-6]。……