区块链共识机制的经济学分析
2020-01-08吴桐



摘 要: 区块链作为一项蕴含经济学内核的前沿技术,理解其共识机制的经济学含义、优化共识机制的经济模型设置对推进区块链技术落地、赋能实体经济发展具有重要意义。本文分别阐述了区块链的三种共识机制——算法共识、决策共识和市场共识的内涵、外延,分别分析了主流算法共识POW、POS、DPOS、DAG的经济学含义以及不同算法共识的融合发展趋势,并为如何协同区块链三种类型的共识机制给出发展建议,以期促进区块链技术创新和产业发展。
关键词: 区块链;算法共识;决策共识;市场共识
中图分类号:F224.33 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-9448 (2020) 02-0049-10
Economic Analysis of the Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain
WU Tong
(Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing100081, China)
Abstract: As cutting-edge technology containing economic ideas, it is of great significance to understand the economic meaning of consensus mechanism and optimize the economic model setting of consensus mechanism for promoting the implementation of blockchain technology and the development of real economy. We describe three consensus mechanisms of blockchain: algorithm consensus, decision-making consensus and market consensus, analyze the economic meaning of the consensus mainstream algorithms such as POW, POS, DPOS,DAG and the development trend of the convergence of different algorithm consensus.Finally, we give development suggestions in cooperating with the three types of consensus mechanism in order to promote the technological innovation and industrial development of blockchain.
Key words: blockchain,algorithm consensus,decision consensus,market consensus
一、引言
2019年10月24日中共中央政治局就区块链技术发展现状和趋势进行第十八次集体学习。中共中央总书记习近平在主持学习时强调,区块链技术的集成应用在新的技术革新和产业变革中起着重要作用,要把区块链作为核心技术自主创新的重要突破口,加快推动区块链技术和产业创新发展。区块链作为一种涵盖了P2P网络、加密算法、共识机制、智能合约等要件的复合型技术,经济模型、决策机制和激励模式在其中发挥着至关重要的作用。[1]区块链在全球范围内应用落地不仅与区块链本身的成熟度、区块链与其他技术(如人工智能、大数据、物联网等)的融合程度、相关基础设施建设密切相关,还离不开共识机制的设置与发展,理解区块链共识机制的经济学含义具有重要的理论和现实意义。
狭义上的区块链共识机制是指算法共识,算法共识旨在通过机器语言和机制设计解决两个核心问题:第一,谁有权利写入数据;……
