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社交活动对老年人健康的影响

2019-11-13陈敏辉

科技视界 2019年29期

陈敏辉

【摘 要】目的:分析社交活动对老年人健康的影响及其城乡差异,为我国应对老龄化挑战、制定相关政策提供依据。方法:基于CHARLS数据,对全样本、农村分样本和城镇分样本分别使用ordered probit模型进行实证分析。结果:无论采用全样本、农村分样本还是城镇分样本,社交活动变量的系数估计值都为正数,且都在1%的水平下显著,但采用农村分样本时的大于采用城镇分样本时的。结论:社交活动对老年人健康具有显著的正向影响,但对农村老年人的影响更大,因此,政府和社会应通过各种渠道为老年人尤其是农村老年人参加社交活动创造条件。

【关键词】社交活动;老年人健康;城乡差异

中图分类号: C913.6文献标识码: A文章编号: 2095-2457(2019)29-0109-003

DOI:10.19694/j.cnki.issn2095-2457.2019.29.050

Effects of Social Activities on the Health of the Elderly

——A Perspective Based on Urban-rural Differences

CHEN Min-hui

(Henan college of animal husbandry and economics, Zhengzhou Henan 450044,China)

【Abstract】Objective: Analyze the impact of social activities on health of elderly and its differences between urban and rural areas, in order to cope with the challenge of aging population in China, and provide the basis for policy making. Methods: Based on CHARLS data ,using the whole sample, rural sample and urban sample to make empirical analysis with ordered probit model, respectively. Results: No matter which samples we selected, the estimates of social activitiess coefficient were all positive, and were all significant under 1% level, but the estimate using rural sample was greater than using urban sample. Conclusion: The impact of social activities on health of elderly was significantly positive, but the impact on the aged in rural areas was bigger, therefore, the government and society should create conditions for the elderly to go out and socialize, especially for the aged in rural areas.

【Key words】Social activities;Health of elderly;Urban and rural differences

2000年全国第五次人口普查时,我国60岁及以上人口占总人口的10.33%,2010年全国第六次人口普查时占13.26%,2015年全国1%人口抽样调查时占16.15%,预计到2050年这个比例将达到35%[1],我国的人口老齡化问题日趋严重。人口老龄化带来的问题多种多样,其中最突出的当属健康问题,对老年人健康影响因素及其城乡差异的认识是我国应对老龄化挑战、制定相关政策的前提。Grossman[2]认为护理照料服务、医疗服务以及精神慰藉服务是决定老年人健康的重要因素。刘宏等[3]发现,养老模式是关系到中国老年人健康的一个关键因素,经济与居住均独立的老年夫妻有最明显的健康优势和主观幸福度优势,而依靠子女供养或政府补助的个人独居养老模式是最差的。江求川等[4]认为,参与宗教活动能够显著改善老年人的健康状况,降低老年人的死亡率。……

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