新生儿早发型GBS疾病危险因素与预防策略
2019-10-21吴艳蓉余加林
吴艳蓉 余加林

【摘 要】新生儿早发型GBS疾病(GBS-EOD)指发病于生后1周内(0~6d)的GBS感染性疾病,占新生儿GBS疾病的80%,起病急、病情进展快,主要表现为肺炎、脓毒血症,部分可合并化脓性脑膜炎。是西方国家新生儿高致病性和高致死性疾病的主要原因,近年来在我国发病率有增高趋势。本文作者对该病的危险因素和预防策略进行综述,旨在早期识别该病,及时采取合理预防措施减少该病发病率。
【关键词】早发型GBS疾病;危险因素;预防策略
Risk factors and prevention strategies of early-onset GBS disease in neonates
Wu Yanrong,Yu Jialin*
Childen's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014
[Abstract]Early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD) refers to the infectious disease of GBS that occurs within one week (0~6 d) after birth, accounting for 80% of GBS disease in newborns. The disease is acute and progresses rapidly. The main manifestations of GBS are pneumonia and sepsis, and some of them may be complicated with purulent meningitis. Early-onset GBS disease is the main cause of neonatal high pathogenicity and mortality in Western countries. In recent years, the incidence of GBS disease in China has increased. This article reviews the risk factors and preventive strategies of the disease, aiming at early identification of the disease and timely adoption of reasonable preventive measures to reduce the incidence of the disease.
[Keywords]Early onset GBS disease; Risk factors; Prevention strategies
B族鏈球菌(groupBStreptococcus,GBS,又称无乳链球菌)是一种β溶血性革兰染色阳性链球菌,它常定植于妊娠妇女的下消化道和泌尿生殖道,是引起新生儿感染性疾病的主要细菌性病原。GBS感染在欧美国家的新生儿感染中位列第一,我国GBS的发病率较西方国家偏低,但近年来有逐渐上升的趋势,从2002年的3.3%上升至2010年的5.1%[1]。
新生儿GBS疾病根据发病时间可分为早发型GBS疾病(early-onset GBS disease,GBS-EOD)和晚发型GBS疾病(Late-onset GBS disease,GBS-LOD)。早发型GBS疾病占新生儿GBS疾病的80%,具有起病急、病情进展快,常呈爆发型的特点。近30年西方国家的研究表明GBS的早发感染仍是该地区新生儿高致病性和高致死性疾病的主要病原[2]。美国等将新生儿早发型GBS疾病(GBS-EOD)定义为发病于生后1周内(0~6d)的GBS感染性疾病[2]。90%的GBS-EOD患儿在出生24h内出现临床症状,常表现为暴发性肺炎、脓毒血症,部分可合并化脓性脑膜炎。与新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)关系密切,可增加NEC发病率[3]。
目前国内尚无针对新生儿GBS-EOD疾病预防和治疗的指南,国内临床对新生儿GBS感染的关注度有待进一步提高。……
