塑料后防撞横梁的选材及设计开发

2019-10-21陈伊宁贺丽丽张浩悦苏一畅熊建民王纳新牛丽媛沈长海

汽车实用技术 2019年1期

陈伊宁贺丽丽张浩悦苏一畅熊建民王纳新牛丽媛沈长海

摘要：文章以某款车型为例介绍塑料后防撞的设计开发过程。文章系统性地对三种材料的性能、成本、轻量化效果、应用成熟度等进行综合对比，确定塑料后防撞梁选材方案为GMT（Glass Mat reinforced Thermoplastics）材料;随后根据材料特性及零件要求进行结构设计，并根据CAE分析结果对结构进行优化，避免了应力集中，对局部补强从而提高强度，开发了满足性能要求的GMT后防撞梁。开发的GMT后防撞梁方案可减少生产工序，具有良好的轻量化效果。同时在此过程中积累了防撞梁设计开发的经验：拖钩结构的布置位置对后防撞梁性能影响很大，布置位置不合理将会导致拖钩强度不足，拖钩结构位置要避免直接集成在塑料后防撞横梁上。关键词：GMT;后防撞梁;设计开发中图分类号：U445 文献标识码：B 文章编号：1671-7988（2019）01-152-03

The design and development of plastic rear collision beam

Chen Yining， He Lili， Zhang Haoyue， Su Yichang， Xiong Jianmin， Wang Naxin， Niu Liyuan， Shen Changhai

（ Zotye Automotive Engineering Research Institute， Zhejiang Hangzhou 310000 ）

Abstract： In this paper， a certain automotive model was taken as an example to describe the design and development process of the rear collision beam. First， on the basis of systematically comparisons of performances， costs， effects of lightweight， degrees of maturation of three materials， the Glass Mat reinforced Thermoplastics （GMT） was chosen. Then， based on the properities of GMT， the rear collision beam which met the performance requirements was designed after the CAE analysis and optimization. The GMT rear collision beam designed can reduce the production process and contribute to the automotive weight reduction. At the same time， experience in the design and development process has been accumulated： the layout position of the drag hook structure has a great impact on the performance of the rear collision beam， the unreasonable layout position will lead to insufficient strength of the drag hook， so that the position of the drag hook structure should be avoided to integrate directly into the rear collision beam.Keywords： GMT; rear collision beam; design and development processCLC NO.： U445 Document Code： B Article ID： 1671-7988（2019）01-152-03

前言

后防撞梁傳统的材料为钣金材料，与之相比，塑料后防撞梁的应用具有以下优点：1.具有轻质、抗冲击、易成型等特点，轻量化效果达46%-55%，能有效提升燃油经济性;2.集成后保横梁、后保横梁安装板、后保横梁连接板等9个左右冲压件，减少生产工序、降低公差累积，提高装配效率;3.塑料后防撞梁在车辆发生低速碰撞时具有良好的吸能效果，能有效减小对车辆及人员的损害，且碰撞后形状可以恢复至原状态;而金属防撞梁在被碰撞后，可能发生塑型变形，无法自行回弹^[1-4]。