索氏抽提法测美国大豆粗脂肪含量的影响因素分析
2019-10-21楚屹然郭静卢美娟
楚屹然 郭静 卢美娟



摘 要:本文以GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》第一法索氏抽提法为依据,以美国大豆为研究对象,在测定大豆粗脂肪时,对标准中变量条件所造成的检测结果差异进行对比分析。结果表明,在其他条件相同时,大豆粉碎细度越小,其粗脂肪含量测得值越高;抽提时间越长,其粗脂肪含量测得值越高;用无水乙醚作抽提剂比用石油醚作抽提剂,测得的粗脂肪含量值高。用此国家标准方法锝出的大豆粗脂肪检测结果应备注标准中未具体说明的试样粉碎细度、抽提试剂、抽提时间等具体检测条件。
关键词:美国大豆;粗脂肪;索氏抽提
Abstract:Based on the first method traditional soxhlet extraction of GB 5009.6-2016 National food safety standards The determination of fat in food, Soybeans in the United States as the research object, In the determination of soybean crude fat, can be caused by the variable condition of standard test results differences were analyzed. The results show that, other conditions being the same: soybean crushing fineness is smaller, the higher crude fat content measured values; The longer the extraction time, the crude fat content measured value is higher; With anhydrous diethyl ether as extraction agent than using petroleum ether as extraction agent, the crude fat content of measured value is high. With the national standard method quoted soybean crude fat test results should note in the standard does not specify the sample grinding fineness, extraction reagent, extraction time and other specific testing conditions.
Key words:U.S. soybean; Crude fat; Soxhlet extraction
中圖分类号:TS207.3
粗脂肪含量是油料作物的重要质量指标,而我国进口美国的大豆几乎全部用来生产大豆油、豆粕及其他副产品,因此准确测定大豆粗脂肪含量,对计算大豆出油率、以质论价和评定车间生产工艺效果都有非常重要的意义。
大豆粗脂肪含量的测定方法有多种,但通常采用国家标准GB 5009.6-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》[1]第一法索氏抽提法,也是仲裁方法,该方法具有实验成本低、操作简单、重现性好、结果准确等优点。但该方法也存在明显的缺点:①检验时间长,仅抽提这一步就需要6 h以上。②测定结果影响因素多,如抽提试剂、抽提时间、粉碎细度、抽提样含水量、抽提液回流速度等[2-6],因此在检测时应对上述影响因素进行详细规定。国家标准GB 5009.6-2016对抽提试剂的规定是在无水乙醚和石油醚中自选,抽提时间6~10 h,对试样粒度未做说明,这就存在由于实验人员操作条件的不同,给检验结果造成一定影响。……
