张春雪

摘要：小微企业是国民经济的重要组成部分，但“麦克米伦缺口”现象一直困扰着小微企业的生存与发展。突破并解决这些问题靠放松贷款条件并不可行，靠强压银行多投放也只是治标不治本的短期行为。治标又治本的长久之策是走台州银行与泰隆银行的成功模式。借鉴其成功经验，进行自我革新，复制人员招聘、培训、考核办法，把好进“人”关。改变招人过分强调文凭、学历、资历而忽略人品、责任心的偏颇做法;改变业务资格考试偏重理论、产品、知识点的应试方法为实用方法;改变操作没有规范性、制度没有执行力、处罚形同虚设的做法;改变过去“人管人”的人治方法，实行“靠制度管人”的法治方法，进一步加大处罚力度，督促制度流程全面落地。让客户经理拥有小贷技术与风险识别方法，充分解决小微企业的信息不对称问题，使小微风险完全可控，小微金融大有可为。

关键词：小微企业;融资难;突破思路;麦克米伦缺口

Abstract： Overcome the difficulty of financing faced by small and micro enterprises， tackling Macmillan Gap problem Small and micro enterprises are important components of economics， but Macmillan Gap phenomenon has been the barrier to these enterprises survival and development. How to break this barrier and bridge Macmillan Gap？ Loosening financing requirement is not practical. Making banks lend more is only a short-term solution. A permanent solution is： the successful small-and-micro-financing model of Taizhou Bank and Tailong Bank （unveiling six unique skills）. Based on their experience of success， revolutionize company; copy recruiting， training， evaluation methods; be especially strict about recruiting. Divert emphasis of recruiting from certificate， education and experience onto ethics and responsibility; change qualification tests old emphasis on test-based knowledge of theory and product to new emphasis on practical methods （“Road Test”）; build operation standard， ability to comply with regulations and deserved punishment will not be withheld; change old management ways of “man rules man”， implement new management ways of “regulation rules man”， increase severity of punishment， push forward completion of regulation and procedure， make demoralized people nowhere to hide， help customer manager learn self-defense （risk identification in microfinance）， thoroughly solve the information asymmetry faced by small and micro enterprises， make risk of microfinance totally controllable， there are bright prospects for microfinance.

Keywords： Small and Micro Enterprises; Financing Difficulties; Breakthrough Ideas; Macmillan Gap

一、小微企業的作用

小微企业是国民经济和社会发展的基础，它在扩大就业、改善民生、增加税收、促进社会稳定、完善市场经济等方面具有不可替代的作用。央行行长易钢在出席2018年上海第十届陆家嘴论坛时指出：“小微企业在经济发展过程中起着非常重要的作用，小微企业非常重要”。2017年末，我国小微企业法人约2800万户，个体工商户约6200万户[1]。近年，平均每天又新增市场主体超过4万家[2]。从实践来看，小微企业贡献了全国80%的就业、70%左右的专利发明权、60%以上的GDP和50%以上的税收[3]。……