李有志　冯涛　魏茂莲　魏秀丽

摘要：基于对山东省动物源细菌耐药性和兽用抗菌药使用情况的调研，分析了山东省动物源细菌耐药性现状和存在的问题，并提出了防控策略。需深化绿色生态产品新制剂的研究;加强高效、低毒新型抗菌药研制，优化畜禽养殖环境生态系统控制;加快完善细菌耐药性监测体系构建，严格落实兽用抗菌药分类和科学精准使用药物;推进兽用抗菌药减量化示范行动等综合措施，从根本上遏制兽用抗菌药滥用，以期降低细菌耐药性的发生和发展，保障畜禽产品质量安全。

關键词：动物源细菌;耐药性;问题;防控策略

Present Situation， Problems and Countermeasures of DrugResistance of Zoonotic Bacteria in Shandong Province

Li Youzhi， Feng Tao， Wei Maolian， Wei Xiuli

Abstract

Based on the investigation on drug resistance of zoonotic bacteria and use of veterinary antimi-crobial in Shandong Province， the present situation and problems of drug resistance were analyzed， and theprevention and control strategies were put forward. It should be necessary to deepen the research on new prep-arations of green ecological products， strengthen the development of new antimicrobial agents with high effi-ciency and low toxicity， optimize the ecosystem control of livestock and poultry breeding environment， acceler-ate the improvement and construction of a monitoring system for bacterial drug resistance， strictly carry out theclassification of veterinary antimicrobial drugs and scientific and accurate use of drugs， and promote the com-prehensive measures to reduce the use of anti - bacterial drugs ， so as to control the abuse of veterinary antimi-crobial drugs， reduce the occurrence and the development of the drug resistance of bacteria， and ensure thesafety of product quality of livestock and poultry.

Keywords

Zoontic bacterial; Drug resistance;Problem;Prevention and control strategy

近年来，随着人们对食品安全和公共卫生安全的高度重视，畜牧领域的环境污染、兽药残留和细菌耐药性问题越来越受到关注。“3·15晚会曝光饲料非法添加”、“毒鸡蛋事件”等聚焦兽药残留、违禁用药等突出问题，2017年12月新华通讯社以“我国可能出现无药可治的超级细菌”为标题，详细报道了我国农业抗生素滥用问题。我国动物源细菌耐药性非常严重[1-3]，相关问题已引起国家和有关部门的高度重视，农业农村部首次把“开展兽用抗菌药综合治理”列入2018年全国兽医工作要点，5月19日在重庆组织启动了“兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动”，深入开展养殖环节抗菌药使用减量化示范创建活动。

1 动物源细菌耐药性的现状

1.1 兽用抗菌药物使用情况

我国批准使用的兽用抗菌类药物主要有B -内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、糖肽类、多肽类、氯霉素类和四环素类等8类，共56个品种;合成抗菌药主要品种有磺胺类、喹诺酮类及其他，共3类45个品种。……