油莎豆引种试验及绿色高效栽培技术研究进展
2019-08-03张斌刘晶孙范仲学郭凤丹侯蕾马德源王颖
张斌 刘晶孙 范仲学 郭凤丹 侯蕾 马德源 王颖
摘要:油莎豆是一种适应性好、抗逆性强、耐病虫害、经济价值高的集牧、饲、粮、油于一体的高效经济作物,具有广阔的开发应用前景和经济价值。本文从油莎豆种质资源收集筛选、引种试种、选地整地、播种、田间管理、病虫害绿色防控、收获等方面综述其研究进展,并在简要分析油莎豆高产栽培和示范推广中存在问题的基础上对其未来研究方向作了展望。
关键词:油莎豆;引种;优质;高效栽培Research Progress of Introduction Experiment and Pollution Free and
High - Efflcient Cultivation Techniques of Cyperus esculentus
Zhang Binl , Liu ing2* , Fan Zhongxuel , Guo Fengdanl , Hou leil , Ma Devuanl , Wang Ying2
Abstract Cyperus esculentus is an efficient economic crop which integrates animal husbandry, feeding,grain and oil with good adaptability, strong stress resistance, diseases and insect pest tolerance and high eco-nomic value, so it has broad development and application prospects and economic value. In this paper,the re-search progress was reviewed in the selection and collection of germplasm resource, introduction and choose tosoil preparation, planting, field management, green control of pests and diseases, harvest and so on. On thebasis of a brief analysis of the problems existing in the high - yield cultivation, demonstration and populariza-tion of Cyperus esculentus , the future research directions were prospected.
Keywords Cyperus esculentus;Introduction; High quality; Efficient cultivation
油莎豆又名油莎草,为莎草科草本植物,原产自非洲及地中海沿岸,除大洋洲与南极洲外,其余各大洲均有分布。油莎豆具有耐涝、耐旱、耐贫瘠、耐盐碱[1]、油脂淀粉含量高等特点,表现出适应性好、抗逆性强、产量突出、油质优良等特性,是一种优质高产的新型草本经济作物,具有较高的综合经济价值,被冠以“地下板栗”、“地下核桃”的美称[2]。油莎豆可种植在沙质土、白浆土、黑土等肥力不等的地带,并具有病虫害发生率低的特点,可作为无公害农产品[3]和家畜喂养绿色饲料。它的食用方法多样。其块茎可以榨油,通过多种提取工艺出油率能达到30%以上[4-6],是制取食用油的优良选择。另外它所富含的油酸、亚油酸等不饱和脂肪酸可用于制备生物柴油[7-13],也是油莎豆重要用途之一。
从近几年国内对油莎豆的研究看,为丰富其种质资源、优化提高种质资源利用率,引种试验和高效栽培技术成为油莎豆的研究重点。
1 油莎豆引种试验……p>
