麻悦　苏梦　张怡

摘要：花生生产的成本与收益直接决定了农户的生产行为，成为影响花生稳定供给的关键因素。随着劳动力成本、土地成本的快速上升，我国花生生产成本已经明显超过主要进口国生产成本。研究花生种植成本收益的构成与变化对提高我国花生种植户收益、稳定我国油料产业安全具有重大意义。本文利用1978-2016年花生生产成本收益数据对我国花生种植的成本收益进行了分析。结果表明：土地成本在总成本中所占比重不断上升;人工成本在生产成本中所占比重超过了物质与服务费用，并有进一步扩大之势;种子费仍是直接生产费用中比重最高的项目;机械作业费比重增长较为明显;花生仍是中国单位面积净利润最高的油料作物;不同省份花生生产成本与机会成本存在明显差异。并据此提出了我国花生节本增效的措施与建议。

关键词：花生;成本;收益;趋势分析;比较分析

Cost - Benefit Analysis of Peanut Production in ChinaMa Yue， Su Meng，Zhang Yi

Abstract The cost and benefit of peanut production directly determined the production behavior of tarm-ers， which become a key influencing factor on the stable supply of peanuts. With the rapid rise of labor costand land cost， the cost of peanut production in China had obviously exceeded that of major importing coun-tries. Studying the formation and change of peanut planting cost and benefit had great significance to raisefarmers'income and to stable oil industry safety. This paper studied the cost and benefit of peanut planting ofChina using cost - benefit data from 1978 to 2016 0f peanut planting. The results showed that the ratio of landcost in total cost was increasing. The proportion of labor cost in the production cost exceeded the material andservice cost and had an expanding tendency. The seed fee was still the highest proportion in direct productioncost， the proportion of mechanical cost had increased obviously， the net profit of peanuts was still the highestamong oil crops in China， there were obvious differences between production cost and opportunity cost in dif-ferent provinces. On these bases， measures and suggestions for cost - saving and efficiency - enhancing wereput forward.

Keywords Peanut;Cost; Benefit; Trend analvsis;Comparative analysis

中国是世界上最大的花生生产国，花生收获面积与产量分别占世界的16.35%和37.80%，花生单产是世界花生单产的2.31倍。花生在中国食用油五大油料作物中的地位日益上升，花生收获面积与产量分别占中国食用油五大油料作物总量的22.44%和35.29%，单产是其他四种食用油油料作物平均单产的1.82倍[1]，而且与其他主要油料作物相比，花生单位面积产油量最高，因此，花生在中国的油料作物中具有重要地位，对于保障油料安全、提高农民收入具有重要意义[2]。但……